penicillin was one of the first antibiotics discovered by the British bacterial scientist Alexander Fleming. In 1928, Flemming discovered in an experiment that acne had the potential to produce a substance that inhibited the reproduction of the fungus fungus, which he named as penicillin. At that time, penicillin purity was difficult until 1940, when Florentine and Channe, among others, successfully purified penicillin and applied it in clinical trials, found that it had a very good effect on a wide range of bacterial infectious diseases. This discovery ushered in a new era of antibiotic treatment, which allowed for effective treatment of many diseases caused by bacterial infections and saved countless lives. Life expectancy has also been increased, and it is estimated that the application of penicillin has increased human life expectancy by 15 years. The discovery of penicillin has also contributed significantly to the development of medical research.
Penicillin, which mainly acts on the cell walls of bacteria, interferes with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, making them incomplete during breeding, and when cells are missing, bacterial cells die as a result of water inhalation. Penicillin can be divided into three groups, the first being penicillin, such as penicillin G, which is primarily active in gland positives and is extracted from penicillin culture fluids with a narrower antibacterial spectrum. Clinical use is often made of pneumonia, tonsilitis caused by infections such as streptococcus and pneumococcus. The second is penicillin-resistant penicillin, represented by phenolin, semi-synthetic penicillin, which is less antibacterial and stable for penicillin. Mexillin sensitive fungus infections, such as memoritis, pneumonia, encephalitis, osteoporitis, skin soft tissue infections, are mainly applicable to penicillin enzymes. Third is the wide spectra penicillin, which is represented by ammonia sicillin and Ammosilin, and is also semi-synthetic penicillin, which is similar to penicillin G in the case of the Gelane positive fungus, and is also antibacterial in the case of part of the Gelane vaginal fungi. This drug applies to respiratory infections caused by sensitive bacteria, urinary tract infections, cholesterol infections, skin and soft tissue infections, etc.
Although penicillin-type drugs have good clinical anti-inflammation effects, there are a number of issues that need attention in their application. First, there is the problem of allergies, regardless of the method of delivery, the patient must be asked in detail whether he has an allergy history of penicillin, an allergy history of other drugs and an allergy history of disease, and must be subjected to a test of penicillin skin and a ban on allergy of penicillin. The second is penicillin, which is largely excreted through the kidney, which has a slight reduction in the kidney function for older patients and which should be appropriately reduced when treating infection. In addition, penicillin can be safely applied to pregnant women without teratogenicity; however, a small amount of penicillin can be excreted by milk, so that the application of penicillin to breast-feeding women should stop.
However, the widespread use of penicillin also raises problems, such as the emergence of bacterial resistance. Rational application of antibacterial drugs is key to improving efficacy, reducing the incidence of adverse reactions and reducing or delaying the incidence of bacterial resistance. The rationale for clinical application of antibacterial drugs is based on the following two factors: the existence of signs of antibacterial application; and the appropriateness of the choice of varieties and of the delivery programme. Overall, however, the discovery of penicillin is an important milestone in the history of human medicine and has had an indelible impact on the development of human society.
