Leukemia, a malignant disease that affects blood and bone marrow, can be broken down into several different types, depending on the maturity and origin of the cell. Among them, acute leukaemia is one of the more serious forms of leukaemia, which includes acute lymphocyte leukaemia (ALL) and acute marrow cell leukaemia (AML). All primarily affects lymphocytes, which were originally part of the body’s immune system, while AML affects other types of cells in bone marrow, including red cells, slabs and different types of white cells. Chronic leukemia is relatively slow to develop, including chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) and chronic mesmocyte leukemia (CML), of which CLL is common to the elderly, which leads to the gradual accumulation of lymphocytes in blood and lymphomy tissues, while the CML has a characteristic chromosome abnormality known as the Philadelphia chromosome, which is the result of the transposition of chromosomes 9 and 22.
The pattern of treatment of leukaemia varies, and each approach has its own specific application and treatment. chemotherapy is one of the most common methods of leukaemia treatment, which kills or inhibits the growth and spread of leukaemia cells by using one or more drugs. These drugs can be oral or enter through intravenous injection. Target treatment is more precise, and it targets molecular markers specific to leukaemia cells, such as certain specific proteins or gene mutations, with a view to achieving more effective therapeutic effects. For example, the chesamate stimulant inhibitor for CML patients can effectively block the signal access required for cancer cell growth. Immunization treatment is a relatively new treatment that enables patients to identify and attack leukaemia cells by activation or enhancement of their immune system. For example, the embedding of antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy identifies and eliminates cancer cells by modifying the patient ‘ s T-cell. Releases are usually used for the local control of leukaemia cells, especially when leukaemia has spread to specific parts of the body, such as the central nervous system or testicles. Blood stem cell transplants, especially bone marrow transplants, are a more radical treatment that rebuilds the production of healthy blood cells by replacing the patient ‘ s blood system, which may be the last treatment option for some high-risk or relapse leukaemia patients. During transplantation, the patient first undergos intensive chemotherapy or leaching to eliminate the cancer cell and bone marrow in the body, and then re-builds the blood system by transplanting the blood stem cells of the healthy body.
Following leukaemia chemotherapy or bone marrow transplants, patients need to pay special attention to their physical condition and living habits in order to ensure a smooth recovery and reduce the risk of relapse. In terms of diet, ensure a nutritional balance and avoid eating raw or uncleaned fruit and vegetables from protein-rich foods, prevent bacteria or parasites and increase the risk of infection. In terms of hygiene, handwashing, especially after meals and after exposure to potentially contaminated items. Therefore, access to pathogens should be reduced by avoiding as much as possible access to densely populated places, such as malls, cinemas, etc. Second is rest, which is an important part of the rehabilitation process. Adequate sleep is needed to avoid overwork, which weakens the immune system and makes the body more vulnerable to infection. Finally, following medical instructions, moving away from the source of infection, and taking appropriate steps to improve health and quality of life.
