Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation caused by pathogen infections in the lungs or by other factors, which can be severe and even life-threatening. Understanding the prevention and treatment of pneumonia is essential for everyone.
I. Prevention of pneumonia
1. Strengthening of personal hygiene practices:
Hand-washing is the first step in the prevention of pneumonia. Use soap and mobile water, in accordance with the correct hand-washing method, carefully squeezing all parts of their hands, especially after exposure to public goods, after coughing or sneezing and before preparing food. This would effectively remove the fungus that may be contaminated with the hands and prevent hand-to-hand contact with the fungus from spreading to oral, nasal, etc., thereby causing pneumonia. For example, the risk of infection can be significantly reduced by hand washing hands in a timely manner, with large amounts of bacteria and viruses likely to be contaminated with by public transport.
When coughing or sneezing, it is important to use paper towels or elbows to cover nose and nose. It’s like a simple move, but it’s an effective deterrent to the spread of foam. Because pneumococcal bacteria are often transmitted in the air through foam, unshielded cough or sneeze can be suspended in the air for hours and may be infected when inhaled.
2. Upgrading the body ‘ s immunity:
A balanced diet is essential for increased immunity. Adequate proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals should be ensured. Protein is the basic material for the body to build immune antibodies, which can be obtained from such foods as skinny meat, fish, beans and eggs; vitamins C, Vitamin D, etc., are resistant to oxidation and immuno-regulation, with fresh fruits and vegetables as a good source. Oranges, for example, are vitamin C-rich, which enhances the activity of white cells and helps the body to withstand bacterial intrusion.
Regular exercise helps to improve CPR function and overall immunity. Aerobics with a medium intensity of at least 150 minutes per week, such as walking, jogging, swimming, or 75 minutes of high-intensity aerobics, such as basketball, tennis, etc. Sport can facilitate blood circulation, enabling immune cells to reach all parts of the body more quickly and to detect and remove pathogens in a timely manner. Adequate sleep is a guarantee for the proper functioning of the immune system. During sleep, the body undergoes self-rehabilitation and immunisation and produces various immune factors. Adults should be guaranteed a high-quality sleep of 7 – 8 hours per day, and chronic sleep deprivation reduces the ability of the immune system to defend against diseases such as pneumonia.
3. Immunization:
Inoculation against influenza can effectively prevent pneumonia caused by influenza viruses. Influenza viruses are prone to outbreaks during certain seasons, such as winter, which can lead to damage to respiratory mucous membranes and increase the incidence of pneumonia. Annual influenza vaccinations, especially for children, the elderly, populations with chronic diseases (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, etc.) and high-risk groups such as health personnel, can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and related pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccine is also an important means of preventing pneumonia. Pneumococcus is one of the common pathogens that causes bacterial pneumonia. Pneumococcal vaccine can stimulate the creation of specific antibodies in the organism, thus preventing pneumocococcal infection with lung tissue. The benefits of pneumocococcal vaccination are even more evident for older persons over 65 years of age, for children under 2 years of age and for those with low immunization capacity.
Treatment of pneumonia
1. Treatment against infection:
The identification of pathogens for pneumonia is key to effective treatment. The doctor usually makes a preliminary determination of the pathogen type based on the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs, medical history and laboratory tests (e.g. slurry, blood, chest X-ray or CT, etc.). If it is suspected of bacterial pneumonia, it is empirically selected for treatment with antibiotics, such as the commonly used hemorrhoids, penicillin antibiotics, etc. However, before the drug is used, as far as possible, if conditions permit, stinging and sensitisation tests should be conducted to identify specific strains of pathogens and to adjust the type and dose of antibiotics to the results of the sensitisation to achieve precision treatment. This avoids the abuse of antibiotics, increases the effectiveness of treatment and reduces the production of resistant bacteria. For viral pneumonia, such as new coronary virus pneumonia and influenza viral pneumonia, there are currently no antiviral drugs with special effect. Treatment is mainly based on treatment support for symptoms, such as rest, oxygen use, maintenance of hydrolytic balance, etc. Some viral pneumonia can be used at an early stage, such as Ostave for influenza viruses, which can be used within 48 hours of the onset of the disease, which can reduce symptoms and reduce the duration of the disease. In the case of new coronary virus pneumonia, some antiviral drugs, such as Litonave, are also being studied and tested, together with integrated methods such as immunosuppressive therapy. Pneumonia is treated mainly with macrocyclic esters, such as Archicin, erythrin, etc. Medicines are generally required to be standardized according to the course of treatment to ensure the complete removal of pathogens.
2. Treatment of symptoms: Heating is one of the common symptoms of pneumonia. When body temperature exceeds 38.5 °C, cooling can be done using deheating drugs, such as acetaminophenol, broven, etc. At the same time, physical cooling methods, such as the use of warm water to wipe head, armpit, groin, etc., can be used to help spread heat.
Patients with severe cough and cough can use cough medicine. Pyramids, such as ammonium chloride, can dilute the sapule, make it easier to cough, reduce cough symptoms and prevent the sipleting of more severe infections in the lungs. The cough medicine, such as the right methadone, can be used appropriately when coughing has a severe effect on rest and life, but care is taken to avoid overcrowding, so that the sap is not released.
Patients with breathing difficulties can be treated with bronchial extension agents such as salbutamol, ammonium isopropobromine, etc., to mitigate bronchial convulsions and improve respiratory function. Patients with severe respiratory difficulties may need oxygen-absorption treatment, even mechanical ventilation, to ensure adequate oxygen supply for the various organs of the body.
3. Support for treatment:
Patients need adequate rest during the period of their illness, reducing physical consumption and giving the body enough energy to fight the disease. The rest shall be indoor air flow and the environment shall be quiet and comfortable.
Ensuring adequate water intake helps to dilute the aqueous fluid and make it more coughy while maintaining the hydrolytic balance of the body. Patients can drink warm water, salt water, etc.
With regard to diets, foods that are nutritious and digestible, such as rice congee, noodles, eggs, fish, vegetable mud, etc., should be chosen. Avoid consumption of spicy, greasy and irritating foods to avoid an additional burden on the gastrointestinal tract. Nutritional support may be required, for example, through nasal feed or intravenous infusion of nutrients, for patients who are seriously unable to eat properly.
Pneumonia prevention and treatment requires that we develop good hygiene habits in our daily lives, enhance our own immunity and, if necessary, be vaccinated; and, in the event of an illness, seek timely medical treatment, actively cooperate with doctors in the fight against infection, disease and support for treatment in order to promote rehabilitation and protect the health of the lungs.
