The sepsis is a response syndrome to systemic inflammation caused by infections of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Once the pathogen enters the body, the inflammatory reaction cells of the body are activated, which in turn causes inflammation within the local or the whole body. If the inflammation is increasing and the immune function is severely inhibited, it can turn into sepsis. In a sepsis state, immunosuppression leads to the further development of serious infections, exacerbates the inflammatory response of the whole body, and may turn into a severe sepsis, even a sepsis shock, resulting in impaired organ function and blood circulation disorders, threatening life. As a result, sepsis is considered to be an urgent and serious disease, which, if it is found, requires prompt access to treatment and appropriate treatment in order not to miss the best treatment.I. Identification of sepsisTypical symptoms of sepsis include cold warfare, body temperature abnormalities (heat or hypothermia), heart palpitation, respiratory rush and mental state change. In the pre-hospital environment, the emergency section or the general ward, if the patient is suspected of being infected and accompanied by at least two signs: a change in the state of consciousness, a decrease in the pressure to less than 100 mm/Hg, and an increase in the frequency of breathing to 22 times or more per minute, a bedside assessment shall be carried out immediately, and if the condition is more critical, it shall be transferred in time to the intensive medicine section for custody and treatment.II. Population with high levels of sepsis(1) Groups suffering from infectious diseases such as acute chocalitis, acute peritonealitis and severe pneumonia.(2) Some patients have recently experienced trauma, surgery, childbirth or abortion.(3) Persons with severe burns, multiple wounds, post-surgery recovery, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, slow-deficiency lungs (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are all vulnerable.(4) Groups with low levels of immunity, such as infants and young children, the elderly, patients with immune system diseases and cancer patients.Treatment of sepsisThe treatment cycle for sepsis depends largely on the severity of its condition. In the case of sepsis, the main treatment strategies include early anti-infection treatment, liquid resuscitation, the application of vascular active drugs and the provision of necessary organ support. In addition, in the course of treatment, Western medicine can be effectively combined with Chinese medicine-assisted treatment, and the treatment of sepsis can be achieved through a combination of Chinese and Western medicine.Prevention of sepsisPrevention of sepsis is as important as its treatment, and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies needs to be based on an in-depth understanding of the mechanism for its occurrence, which, unfortunately, is not yet fully clear. In this context, the following recommendations are of particular importance:(1) When sepsis is diagnosed, the patient shall actively follow medical instructions and, in cooperation with the doctor, take prompt and effective measures to prevent the deterioration of the condition to the sepsis, which includes the control of the source of the infection and the regulation of the physical abnormalities caused by the infection.(2) The less well-equipped population shall strengthen their exercise to improve their health, increase their immunity through a balanced diet, control their weight and maintain regularity, and reduce the need to stay up late in the night in order to develop healthy habits.(3) To maintain a nutritionally balanced diet, to choose fresh foods and to avoid over-ingestion of foods with high sugar, high salt and high fat. Appropriately increased quality proteins, such as eggs, skinny meat and milk, and easily digestible and vitamin-rich fruit and vegetables. In order to ensure food safety, refrigerators are regularly cleaned and disinfected, food is stored separately from cooked food, and after-cooled meat must be fully heated before consumption.(4) In the case of older persons suffering from basic diseases, they should be actively involved in the management of their underlying diseases, such as hypertension, hypertension and diabetes, and in the effective control of blood pressure, blood resin and blood sugar, as well as regular medical examinations in hospitals to reduce the risk of infection.(5) Prevention of traumatic infections and, in the event of an injury, immediate and thorough clean-up, disinfection and periodic changes of medication to prevent infection. Self-health monitoring and care are carried out on a regular basis, and whenever problems of defaced skin, colour changes, oedema or scabies are detected, specialized treatment should be sought immediately at the hospital.(6) Maintaining a positive optimism and learning to be effective in mitigating negative emotions such as anxiety, stress and depression.(7) Rational use of antibiotics to avoid long-term use or misuse in order to prevent the creation of “super bacteria” that are resistant to drugs.Summary:Septicism is a serious infectious disease that can pose a serious threat to the life and safety of patients. However, as medical science and technology continue to improve, the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis continue to improve. The key is to identify the symptoms of sepsis at an early stage and to immediately seek professional medical assistance to increase the success rate of treatment. In addition to this, a focus on personal hygiene and the avoidance of exposure to the sources of infection are indispensable measures to effectively prevent sepsis.
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