According to
the latest data, breast cancer has become the largest cancer among women in the world, and there are about 420,000 new cases of breast cancer in China every year. As the number one malignant tumor that seriously threatens women’s health in China, the incidence of breast cancer is not only increasing, but also the age of morbidity is gradually younger.
Fortunately, breast cancer can reduce mortality through early diagnosis: the 5-year survival rate of stage IV breast cancer patients is less than 40%, while the 5-year survival rate of stage I breast cancer patients is more than 95%.
01 Nine high-risk groups
of breast cancer
1. Family history of breast cancer Breast cancer is not a genetic disease, but it does have a family predilection. 5% -10% of breast cancer is familial. If there are breast cancer patients in the immediate family, we must be careful. The risk of breast cancer will be 2 to 3 times higher than that of the general population.
2. Although benign hyperplasia of mammary glands usually does not become malignant in patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands, malignant transformation may occur in patients with older age, larger mass, longer medical history, and no obvious relationship between mass and menstruation.
3. Late marriage and late childbirth, no breast-feeding after delivery, unmarried and not pregnant at the age of more than 40 years, the age of giving birth to the first child at the age of more than 35 years, and no breast-feeding after delivery are all high-risk groups of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer is three or four times higher in first-time mothers over 35 than in first-time mothers over 30.
4. Excessive estrogen intake, large consumption of estrogen-fed chicken, cattle and other meat, and large use of estrogen-containing cosmetics may increase the incidence of breast cancer. Remind especially: The person that every has breast disease, breast cancer familial history, had better not oral contraceptive.
5. Menstrual abnormalities Menarche age 55 years old, these two types of menstrual abnormalities, the risk of breast cancer is greater.
6. Women who had an abortion before the age of 18 had a 110% higher risk of breast cancer than those who had not had an abortion.
7. Unhealthy lifestyle, such as sitting for a long time, lack of exercise, less exposure to sunlight, and wearing a bra for a long time.
8. Obesity and excessive intake of high-fat and high-protein foods can increase estrogen levels and increase the risk of breast cancer. Women who are obese after menopause have a 30% increased risk of breast cancer.
9. High pressure and mental tension contemporary women are under great pressure in their work and life, and they are in a state of stress and tension for a long time, which will lead to emotional instability. If it is normal to stay up late and work overtime, the endocrine will be unbalanced and the risk of breast cancer will increase.
02 7 Healthy Lifestyles to Stay Away from Breast Cancer
1. Keep away from ionizing radiation. Unnecessary X-ray and CT examinations should be avoided as far as possible.
2. Avoid the intake of estrogen, estrogen-fed chickens, cattle and other meat as little as possible, do not eat, estrogen-containing cosmetics as little as possible, do not use.
3. Avoid induced abortion. Spontaneous abortion does not increase the risk of breast cancer, while induced abortion increases the risk of breast cancer. 4. Exercise regularly, maintain a healthy weight and insist on exercise, but pay attention to the appropriate amount of exercise, excessive exercise leads to physical fatigue and decreased immunity. A healthy weight is a BMI between 18.5 and 23.9 (BMI = weight ÷ height ²).
5. Eat a balanced diet and quit smoking and drinking. It is recommended to eat more fresh fruits, vegetables, sea fish, whole grains and bean products; eat less high-fat, high-sugar and high-calorie foods; quit smoking and drinking.
6. There are many ways to relieve stress, such as avoiding staying up late, sleeping regularly, exercising moderately and strengthening social interaction. In the Healthy China Action (2019-2030), it is clear that the qualified sleep time for adults is 7-8 hours.
7. Regular physical examination is recommended for women over 35 years old.
Which one should I choose for
breast examination?
First of all, every imaging method has the most targeted disease and anatomical site, not the higher the price, the better, not to mention the more high-end it sounds, the better. And some examinations are necessary, some are not necessary, before choosing the examination, consult and negotiate with the doctor according to the symptoms, so as to have a good idea. Let’s first distinguish the differences of the three examinations: B-ultrasound B-ultrasound is an ultrasound examination method, which relies on the acoustic impedance difference imaging between tissues and is not affected by breast density. Therefore, B-ultrasound is suitable for the evaluation of dense breast lesions, breast masses with obvious breast diseases and breast lesions in pregnant and lactating women. In addition, ultrasound can image in real time in multiple sections, which can clearly show the structure of each layer of the breast, the invasion of the surrounding tissues of the mass and the blood flow in the mass. The invention has the advantages of no wound, simple operation, repeated operation, no radioactivity, and wider range of applicable patients. Disadvantages: It is operator-dependent and insensitive to small calcified lesions, which may lead to a high false positive rate in the examination.
Do the
sisters find that ultrasound examinations in different hospitals have different conclusions?
That is because: 1, breast lesions are three-dimensional, ultrasound probe placed in different positions and angles, will obtain different images;
2. The judgment level of doctors is different, and the difference of experience may lead to different judgments;
3. The resolution of ultrasound machine is different, and the fineness of the image formed by the lesion is different. Mammography mammography system is a low-dose (basically harmless) mammography technology, which can clearly display all layers of breast tissue through film exposure, development, fixation and other procedures. Especially for early breast cancer which is clinically impossible and can not be identified by B-mode ultrasonography, and whose only manifestation is micro-calcification cluster, it has characteristic diagnostic significance. Has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, and has become a recognized method for early screening of breast diseases. X-ray molybdenum target can clearly show the shape, size, edge, density and other characteristics of breast mass, which is superior to other imaging examinations because of its incomparable ability to show small calcified lesions, and has become the most sensitive examination method for small calcified lesions. Disadvantages: Poor sensitivity to young women or dense glands may result in a higher rate of false negatives on examination. At the same time, because of its small amount of radioactivity, it is not suitable for women in marriage and childbearing period. Molybdenum target examination is not a panacea. At present, many known clinical data are from Europe and the United States. In Europe and the United States, the breast is mainly fat type, and small lesions can be well displayed. In China, the breast is mainly dense type, and the dense gland background will interfere with the display of lesions. For example, the common fibroadenoma is difficult to display if it is in a gland with high density.
Some sisters will ask: Why is there a nodule under the ultrasound, but nothing on the molybdenum target? The reason is that many small malignant nodules without calcification may be concealed by the high-density image of breast tissue itself. So, instead of taking a molybdenum target and getting a report that there is no problem, you can refuse the doctor’s suggestion of ultrasound examination. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to produce detailed images of human tissues, and may inject contrast agents into veins during the examination to enhance the contrast of tumors. Although there is “nuclear” in the name, it is actually an imaging examination without radiation. Advantages: no radiation damage, good soft tissue resolution, it can not only reflect the morphological characteristics of breast tumors, but also reflect the hemodynamics of lesions. Its greatest advantage is that it can find smaller lesions that can not be found by ultrasound and X-ray molybdenum target, thus improving the positive predictive value. MRI is also helpful to detect the primary lesions of breast cancer in patients with dense breast and breast augmentation. Disadvantages: expensive, longer inspection time.
Summary 1. Ultrasound has no radiation and is often used to examine young women. Breast color Doppler ultrasound is simple and fast, especially suitable for pregnant and lactating women and breast disease screening. For the examination of benign nodules, the detection rate of ultrasound is significantly higher than that of molybdenum target, which can be used as a basic screening method for all ages. 2. High-quality molybdenum target examination is a reliable examination for middle-aged and older women with loose breast. For young and dense breast, when ultrasound can not make a decision, molybdenum target can also be used to help examination. 3. Although magnetic resonance is sensitive, it has a high detection rate for lesions, but it is expensive and time-consuming, so it is not suitable for general survey. If there are suspicious and inconclusive lesions, magnetic resonance should be added.
Breast cancer
