The MDS is a blood system disease characterized by the loss of normal functioning of the marrow, resulting in a reduction in the number of blood cells and abnormal functioning. Anaemia is one of the most common symptoms for MDS patients, as bone marrow does not produce enough healthy red cells. The following is a detailed description of the treatment of anaemia among MDS patients.Knowledge of MDS anaemiaBefore discussing treatment, it was important to learn about MDS-induced anaemia. MDS-induced anaemia is due to the inability of bone marrow to produce a sufficient number of mature red cells, resulting in reduced capacity to transport oxygen to various parts of the body. Patients may suffer from fatigue, agitation and heart attack.MDS treatment target for anaemia
Targets for the treatment of MDS anaemia include:
Increase haemoglobin levels and reduce anaemia.Reduced blood transfusion demand and improved quality of life.Slowing the progress of the disease and reducing the risk of becoming acute myelitis leukaemia (AML).MDS treatment for anaemia1. Supportive treatmentBlood transfusion: In cases of severe anaemia, regular blood transfusions are the main means of mitigating symptoms. Blood transfusions can rapidly increase haemoglobin levels and improve oxygen supply.erythrocyte creation irritants (ESAs): For example, reorganizing human erythrocytes (EPO) can stimulate bone marrow to produce more red cells. For patients with lower levels of serum EPO.Iron: As MDS patients may suffer from iron metabolic disorders, iron supplements can help to improve anaemia, especially when patients are treated by ESAs.2. Chemical treatmentLow dosage chemotherapy, such as 5-nazine steroids (5-AZA) or DAC, can facilitate the death of abnormal cells in the bone marrow and stimulate normal blood production.Immunosuppressive treatment: For some MDS patients, the use of immunosuppressants (e.g. anti-mural cell protein or cyclothylene) may help to reduce immunomediate bone marrow inhibition.3. Target treatmentHypothylaring agents (HMA): Drugs such as 5-AZA and DAC can change the methylation of DNA, promote the normalization of genetic expression and thus improve blood production.FLT3 inhibitors: For MDS patients with FLT3 genetic mutations, the use of FLT3 inhibitors may contribute to disease control.4. Blood stem cell transplant (HSCT)Transgenetic stem blood cell transplant: This is the only possible cure for MDS, especially for young, suitable patients. The transplant can replace damaged bone marrow and restore normal blood-making functions.Lifestyle adjustmentNutritional support: maintain a balanced diet and ensure adequate nutritional intake, especially for blood-producing nutrients such as iron, folic acid and vitamin B12.Avoiding infection: Prevention measures should be taken to reduce the risk of increased anaemia due to possible damage to the MDS immune system.6. Symptom managementTreatment of complications: Anaemia can lead to an increased heart burden requiring appropriate treatment and management.Psychological support: Because of the long-term impact of MDS and anaemia on the quality of life of patients, psychological support and counselling can help patients better cope with the disease.Treatment decision-makingTreatment decisions should be based on the following factors:Age and overall health status of patients: Young, well-healthed patients may be more suitable for invasive treatment such as HSCT.The severity and prognosis of the disease: the risk of disease is assessed on the basis of the MDS International Pre-Referral Rating System (IPSS-R) and treatment options are selected accordingly.Patient preferences and objectives: The treatment plan should take into account the patient ‘ s personal will and quality of life.ConclusionsAnemia treatment for MDS patients requires an individualized, multidisciplinary and collaborative approach. Supportive treatment can alleviate symptoms, while HSCT and target can provide a cure. In the course of treatment, patients should work closely with blood disease specialists to regularly assess the effectiveness of treatment and adjust treatment programmes to changing conditions. Through comprehensive treatment, MDS patients can effectively control anaemia and improve their quality of life.
