Summary: Amiba dysentery is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the infection of the amimba worm in the dissolved tissue, mainly tiring and intestinal, which can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhoea, mucous sepsis and other symptoms, seriously affecting the health and quality of life of patients. It provides detailed information on the pathogens, epidemiology, morbidity, clinical performance, diagnostic methods, treatment and prevention aspects of Amiba dysentery, with the aim of raising public awareness of Amiba dysentery, promoting early diagnosis, timely treatment and effective prevention, and reducing the spread and harm of the disease.
Introduction
Amiba dysentery is widely distributed globally, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. It not only inflicts physical suffering on patients, but may also result in serious complications such as chronic infections, intestine piercings, intestinal haemorrhages, or even life-threatening as a result of misdiagnosis, leaks or inadequate treatment. Knowledge of amiba dysentery is important for personal health protection and public health.
II. Pathogens
The amimba worm in the dissolved tissue is a pathogen that causes amiba dysentery, and its life history includes two stages: trophication and enzyme. The nutrients can be divided into big and small lymphs, which are intrusive and capable of destroying the intestinal dyslexia and causing intestinal pathologies, while the small lymphs survive mainly in the intestinal cavity, feeding on bacteria and intestines. The bag is the infection stage in Amiba, the soluble tissue, has a strong resistance to the outside environment and can survive for weeks or months in the soil, water, etc. When humans miss the food or water contaminated with the bag, the bag is taken off into the intestines to form a small fertilizer, which can be transformed into a big fertilizer under appropriate conditions, thus causing disease.
III. Epidemiology
Sources of infection
Chronic, resuscitative and non-asymptomatic bag carriers are the main sources of infection. The excreta of these infected individuals can be a source of disease by excrement, contamination of the surrounding environment.
2. Means of communication
It’s mainly transmitted through the mouth. Ingestion of water, food, vegetables, fruit, etc., contaminated with baglets can lead to infection. In addition, poor hygiene practices, such as non-washing hands before meals, increase the risk of infection.
3. Vulnerability
People are generally vulnerable to infection, but those who suffer from malnutrition, low levels of immunity, poor living conditions and poor hygiene are more vulnerable to infection and may become more seriously affected.
IV. EMERGENCY MECHANISMS
In the dissolved tissue, the amiba diarrhea is combined with the glucose protein receptor on the surface of the intestinal skin through the condensation of its surface, and is then distributed to a variety of substances, such as protein enzyme, perforation, etc., to break the intestinal mucous barrier and enter the intestinal wall tissue. The diarrhea breeds within the intestinal walls, causing local inflammation, leading to the death of the intestinal mucous membranes and ulcer formation. The main causes of disease, i.e., the cavity, prostal, rectal, etc., can be dispersed or integrated into a fraction. As the conditions develop, the ulcer can deepen, and the ulcer and membrane layers can be exhausted and even cause serious complications such as intestinal piercing and intestinal haemorrhage.
V. Clinical performance
1. Infiltration period
The average is 1-2 weeks, shorter than 4 days and older persons can last months or even years.
2. Acute amiba dysentery
The incidence of disease is slow, often starting with abdominal pain and diarrhoea, and the number of defecation increases to over 10 per day. The excreta is medium, it is dark red jam, it stinks, and it contains more blood and slime. The abdominal pain is mostly found in the lower right abdomen, with a palpitation or swollen ache, often accompanied by a sense of acute stress. All-body symptoms are relatively light and can be characterized by low heat, inefficiency and appetite. Without timely control, serious symptoms such as high fever, severe abdominal pain and frequent diarrhoea can occur, leading even to dehydration, electrolytic disorders and shock.
3. Chronic amiba dysentery
Acute amiba dysentery can be transformed into chronic if treatment is incomplete. The symptoms of chronic patients are light and severe, in the form of intermittent diarrhoea, which can take 3-5 times a day in the form of defecation, which can be soft, defecated or formed, often with a small amount of slime and blood. Patients can be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, wasting and anaemia, and chronic infections can affect nutritional absorption, leading to malnutrition and weakness.
VI. Diagnosis
1. Medical history and clinical performance
A detailed examination of the patient ‘ s history of eating, drinking water, living environment and hygiene, together with typical clinical performances such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, jam and shit, may give rise to a preliminary suspicion of amiba diarrhea. However, these symptoms are not specific to Amiba dysentery and require further examination and diagnosis.
Laboratory inspection
– Excreta testing: direct spectroscopy of excreta is the most common method of detecting amibazi nutrients or capsules in the dissolved tissue. The body is more active in fresh excreta, and the form is easily identifiable; the bag is subject to the chromosomal observation of iodine. Multiple inspections can increase the detection rate. In addition, complementary diagnostics such as excreta culture, immunological testing (e.g., detection of amiba antibodies in serum) can be used, but excreta culture technology is more demanding and immunogenic testing may be false.
– colonoscopy: For patients with suspected cases or difficulties of diagnosis, colonoscopy is available. Under the colon mirror, it is visible that the ulcer is scattered or repeated, that the edge of the ulcer is neat, that there is red fainting around it, and that the mucous membrane between the ulcer is normal or slightly plethora. Pathological and pathological examinations from the edge or bottom of an ulcer contribute to a clear diagnosis.
3. Visual inspection
Visual examinations such as abdominal X-ray, B-super, CT can be used to observe intestinal pathologies and to understand complications such as intestinal perforation, intestinal wall thickness and abdominal cavity, but the early diagnosis of amiba diarrhea is of relatively limited value and is mainly used for case assessment and diagnosis of complications.
Treatment
1. Anti-Amiba drug treatment
– Nitroglycerine-type drugs: Metrazine, nitrazine, etc., are the preferred drugs for the treatment of amiba dysentery. Such drugs have a powerful extinction effect on the amiba larvae in the dissolved tissue, which can rapidly alleviate symptoms and reduce the pathology. Metrazine is used as 0.4 – 0.8 g per adult per day, 3 times per day, oral, 7 – 10 days of treatment; the dose and course of treatment for nitraz can be adjusted as appropriate. The adverse effects are mainly gastrointestinal reactions (e.g., nausea, vomiting, appetite, etc.), headaches, dizziness, rashes, etc., which are generally self-resorted after a stoppage.
– Dichloronit: an effective intestine anti-Amiba drug, which is used mainly for the treatment of non-symptomatic cysts and chronic amimba dysentery. The drug can kill Amiba in the intestine cavity and prevent the spread of the disease. The method is 0.5 g per adult, 3 times a day, oral, 10 days of treatment. There are fewer adverse effects, occasional gastrointestinal disorders, rashes, etc.
2. Treatment
In cases where diarrhoea causes severe dehydration and electrolyte disorders, hydrolytics and electrolytes should be replenished in a timely manner, with oral rehydration salts or with intravenous infusion of physiological saline water, glucose, potassium chloride, etc. In cases where abdominal abdominal pain is evident, pain relief drugs, such as aperture tablets and mountain alkalis, should be given, but strong laxatives should be avoided in order not to affect the discharge of intestinal toxins and aggravate the condition.
VIII. Prevention
1. Strengthening health education
Awareness-raising campaigns on the prevention and treatment of amiba dysentery have been carried out through various channels. People are taught good hygiene practices, such as washing hands before eating, not drinking raw water, not eating uncleaned vegetables and fruits.
2. Strengthening water management
Protect water sources from contamination by excreta. Drinking water is decontaminated and disinfected, and it can be ensured by cooking, filtering and chlorinating.
3. Strengthening excreta management
Establishment of sound excreta treatment facilities, centralization of excreta, avoidance of direct excreta discharge into the environment, and reduction of opportunities for the survival and dissemination of enzymes in the outside environment.
4. Elimination of flies and cockroaches
Flies and cockroaches can carry a bag of Amiba in the soluble tissue to spread disease. Environmental sanitation should be strengthened, fly and cockroach control activities should be carried out on a regular basis and disease vectors reduced.
Conclusions
Amiba dysentery is a curable intestinal parasite, but its symptoms are similar to those of other intestinal diseases and can easily be misdiagnosed and omitted. Therefore, raising public awareness of Amiba dysentery, strengthening health education and preventive measures, as well as timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, is essential to control the spread of Amiba dysentery and to safeguard public health. At the same time, society as a whole should work together to improve environmental health conditions and develop good hygiene practices to prevent the occurrence of amiba diarrhea at its root.
Amiba dysentery.
