Summary: The spontaneous peritoneum is a serious abdominal infectious disease, often associated with a variety of underlying diseases. This paper focuses on the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies and prevention aspects of spontaneous peritonealitis, with the aim of raising public awareness of the disease, promoting early detection and timely treatment of patients, reducing the occurrence of complications and improving the prognosis.
Introduction
Autoperitonealitis is the widespread bacteritis that occurs in the abdominal cavity due to the absence of a visible primary infection. It usually occurs in patients suffering from basic diseases, such as cirrhosis of the liver and renal syndrome, which, because of their invisibility, early symptoms are not typical and can easily be neglected and delayed, can in turn lead to serious complications such as infectious shock, multi-organ failure and endanger life. In-depth knowledge of spontaneous peritonealitis is therefore essential for the prevention and treatment of high-risk populations.
II. Causes of illness
1. Bacteria transfer
In the state of basic diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, the intestinal mucous barrier is impaired and bacteria and their toxins in the intestinal tract pass through the intestinal wall into the lymphoma of the intestinal membrane, which leads to an infection. Common transgenic bacteria include enteric glyphs such as coli and pneumococcus.
Low body immune function
The cirrhosis of the liver is often accompanied by spleen surgeries, leading to a decline in immunocellular functions such as white cells and eating cells that do not effectively remove invasive bacteria. At the same time, the reduction of immuno-protein from liver synthesis and the abnormality of the remedial system have significantly reduced the body ‘ s resistance to infection.
3. Condominal water factor
The abdominal water provides a good breeding ground for the growth and reproduction of bacteria. When the protein content of abdominal water is low and the mercuric activity is reduced, bacteria are more likely to survive and reproduce in abdominal water, accelerating the development of spontaneous peritonealitis.
III. Symptoms
1. All-body symptoms
The majority of patients suffer from a slow onset of illness, which is manifested in low or moderate heat, with a temperature of between 37.5°C – 38.5°C, which can be accompanied by non-specific symptoms of lack of strength, appetite, nausea and vomiting. As the disease progresses, there can be signs of high heat, cold war and even infectious shock, such as reduced blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, cold limbs, dementia, etc.
2. Abdominal symptoms
Early abdominal pain, abdominal swelling or abdominal discomfort, stress and arrhythmia are not apparent. With the increase in inflammation, there can be visible whole abdominal pain, anti-oppression and abdominal stress, but generally not as high as the subsequent peritonealitis. Some patients may be associated with intestinal disorders such as diarrhoea or constipation.
Diagnosis
1. Medical history and clinical performance
The patients are asked in detail whether they have a history of basic diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver, renal syndrome, and systemic erythals. In combination with clinical manifestations such as fever and abdominal discomfort, there should be a high level of vigilance against the potential for spontaneous peritoneumitis in suspected cases.
Laboratory inspection
– Blood routines: white cell count and the proportion of moderately particle cells rise, but white cell count may rise normal or only slightly in patients with spleen hyperactivity.
– Abdominal water examination: A conventional examination of abdominal water shows an increase in white cell count, often exceeding 0.5 x 109/L, and an increase in polynuclear cell ratio of more than 0.5. Bacteria cultivation in abdominal water is the key to diagnosis, but the positive rate is relatively low, at about 40 – 60 per cent. In order to increase the positive rate of development, it is possible to train in abdominal abdominal abdomen by the side of the bed.
– Blood, biochemical examination: changes can be observed in the indicators related to cirrhosis of the liver, such as a decrease in the number of pure blood proteins, an increase in cholesterol and abnormal coagulation functions, as well as an assessment of liver and kidney function, electrolyte balance, etc.
3. Visual inspection
– Abdominal ultrasound: the amount and distribution of abdominal water can be observed, the liver, spleen morphology, size, mass, etc. can be detected, and there are complications such as liver hepatopathosis and door veins.
– The abdominal CT: helps to observe in greater detail the structure of the organs in the abdominal cavity and to detect potential sources of infection or other pathologies, but the diagnosis of early spontaneous peritonealitis is not very specific.
Treatment
1. Treatment against infection
Antibiotics should be applied at an early, adequate and joint level. Precious antibiotics are selected based on abdominal abdominal cultures and pharmacological tests, and, before the results are returned, empirically selected broad-spectral antibiotics covering the grenyl cactus, such as the third generation of cystactin combined aerobics. The course of treatment for antibiotics is usually 10 – 14 days and can be extended as appropriate for patients with more severe or repeated conditions.
Support for treatment
Patients are given bed rest, which supplements sufficient nutrients such as heat, proteins and vitamins, to maintain water, electrolyte and acid alkali balance. For patients with low-protein haematology, the infusion of proteins increases the gel osmosis, promotes the absorption of abdominal water and helps to increase the body ‘ s resistance to infection.
3. Cervical perforation and partial treatment
In cases where a large quantity of abdominal water causes severe abdominal swelling, respiratory difficulties or high abdominal pressure affects renal infusion, appropriate abdominal puncture fluid may be used to mitigate symptoms. At the same time, local treatment can be provided by injections of antibiotics, such as head larvae, in the abdominal cavity, but partial treatment is not a substitute for full-body anti-infection treatment.
4. Treatment of primary cases
Active treatment of basic diseases, such as hepatitis, antivirus and other treatments for cirrhosis patients, immuno-renal syndrome patients, urinary swollen treatments, etc., improves the internal environment of the body and reduces the risk of relapse into spontaneous peritonealitis.
Prevention
1. Basic disease management
For persons with hepatitis cirrhosis, active treatment is provided for causes such as cirrhosis of antiviral treatment of hepatitis B and cirrhosis of alcoholic livers. Indicators such as liver function, blood routines and abdominal water are regularly monitored to detect and address anomalies in a timely manner. Improved liver function and increased body immunity, such as the use of immunosuppressants such as mammograms.
2. Microecological regulation of the intestinal tract
The intestinal strains can be regulated by the use of prophylactic bacterial formulations, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria and reducing the incidence of bacterial transfer. At the same time, keep the poop open and avoid the constipation of intestinal toxins and bacteria.
3. Water management
In the case of patients with abdominal water, sodium salt is restricted, urea is used rationally to control the volume and growth of abdominal water. Abdominal water examination is conducted regularly to monitor the nature of the abdominal water and any signs of infection.
Conclusion
Auto-peritoneal meningitis is a serious abdominal-infective disease, especially among people with underlying diseases. Early diagnosis is difficult because of the hidden and non-specific nature of the symptoms. Increased surveillance of high-risk groups, increased vigilance of diseases, timely and relevant examinations, and reasonable treatment and preventive measures can effectively reduce the incidence, recurrence and mortality of spontaneous peritoneal disease and improve the quality of life and survival of patients. The public should increase its awareness of the disease, actively prevent basic diseases and promote its health.
Perimenitis
