The treatment and prevention of hypertension, which is a common chronic disease, affects people’s health on a global scale. Not only is it an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, it can also lead to a number of serious complications, including kidney diseases and ophthalmological changes, which pose a significant threat to the quality of life and the health of patients. Therefore, a better understanding of hypertension treatment and prevention strategies is of crucial relevance. With the onset of the winter season, the external temperature has dropped sharply and can easily induce hypertension.
The treatment of hypertension is a comprehensive process aimed at keeping blood pressure within reasonable limits, reducing the risk of complications and improving the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. • Lifestyle interventions: For many high-tension patients, especially at critical or mildly elevated levels, improving lifestyles is often the first and most critical treatment. • Dietary adjustment: reduced sodium salt intake through low-salt diet, with WHO recommending a daily salt intake of no more than 5 grams per person, which helps to reduce blood pressure and reduce the burden on the heart and blood vessels. Increased consumption of potassium-rich foods, such as fresh fruits (bananas, oranges, etc.), vegetables (springs, potatoes, etc.), beans and nuts, can facilitate sodium ejection and can benefit blood pressure control. Controlling total calorie, maintaining healthy body weight, and reducing intake of high fat, high cholesterol foods, such as animal internal organs, fried foods, etc., help to prevent high blood pressure associated with obesity.
• Regular exercise: Aerobics with a medium intensity of at least 150 minutes per week, such as walking (approximately 100 – 120 paces per minute), jogging, swimming or cycling, and appropriate force training, such as weight-lifting, push-ups, etc., should be avoided, but excessive physical activity should lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure. Sport not only helps to reduce blood pressure, but also enhances CPR function, improves vascular resilience and reduces body weight. • Prohibition of smoking: smoking is an important step towards improving the health status of persons with high blood pressure, as it leads to vascular constriction, increases blood pressure and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular motion plays a major role in the treatment and prevention of hypertension.
Overdrinking also increases blood pressure, suggesting that men drink no more than 25 grams of alcohol per day and women no more than 15 grams. Psychological balance: Long-term stress, anxiety, depression, etc. can cause blood pressure fluctuations, and patients should learn to maintain psychological balance and emotional stability for blood pressure control by reducing stress through appropriate means such as meditation, deep breath, yoga, listening to music or developing a hobby. • Drug treatment: When lifestyle interventions do not effectively control blood pressure, it becomes necessary. There are many types of pressure-relief drugs currently used in clinical practice, including, inter alia, the following: Such drugs apply to the majority of high blood pressure patients, especially those with a simple constriction period in old age, or with heart failure, but may give rise to adverse effects such as electrolytic disorders (e.g., low potassium haematoma), requiring regular monitoring of levels of potassium blood. • Calcium route retardants (CCB): can prevent calcium ions from entering vascular smooth muscle cells, expand the veins and reduce blood pressure, such as nitro, aminochloride, and non-Loroland equality. The effect of depressive pressure is significant and does not adversely affect blood resin or sugar metabolism. It applies to all types of high blood pressure patients, in particular those with old age hypertension, simple constrictive periods of high blood pressure, and those with stable heart pain or coronary porridge hardening. Common adverse effects include facial red, headaches and edema, but most patients are resistant. • ACEI: Inhibulation of vascular stressor I into vascular stressor II, reduction of vascular constriction and hysterone degeneratives, thus reducing blood pressure, such as in Catopli, Inapli, Benapli, etc. ACEI-type drugs are good for the protection of target organs and apply to high blood pressure patients associated with heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes kidney disease, protein urine or micronutrient protein urine. The main adverse effects are dry cough, with a small number of patients likely to suffer from high potassium haematosis, vascular oedema, a narrow kidney artery on both sides, and a ban on pregnant women and persons with high potassium haematosis. • Angiogen II Receptors (ARB): act as a depressor by disrupting the combination of angiogen II and receptors, such as chlorsatan, 缬shatan, Elbeshatan, etc. The ARB-type mechanism of action is similar to ACEI, but the incidence of cough is low and applies to patients who are not able to withstand ACEI ‘ s effects, as well as to high blood pressure patients who are associated with complications such as obese left heart room, heart failure and diabetes kidney disease. The adverse effects are relatively low, with occasional dizziness, low blood pressure, etc. • Beta receptor retardants: can slow down the heart rate and reduce myocardial condensation, thus reducing blood pressure, such as Metolore, Pislore, Artilore, etc. For patients with hypertensive combined rapid heart disease, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and increased synergetic neuroactivity. However, there may be adverse reactions such as ulceration, inactivity, bronchial convulsions, etc., which should be carefully used or disabled for patients who suffer from asthma, severe dyslexia, room transmission retardation, etc. In the course of their treatment, patients should strictly follow medical instructions and take their medication on time and on a quantitative basis, without the need to increase or stop the drug so as not to cause blood pressure fluctuations. The doctor selects the appropriate depressive drugs according to the patient ‘ s specific circumstances (e.g. age, blood pressure level, complications, tolerance, etc.) and adjusts them individually to blood pressure control in order to achieve the optimal treatment, while minimizing the adverse effects of the drug. Prevention of hypertension Prevention of hypertension is critical to reducing the overall burden of cardiovascular disease. • Healthy eating: it is essential to develop healthy eating habits from childhood onwards. The promotion of balanced diets, increased intake of nutrient-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, fish and beans, reduced intake of sodium salt, saturated fat and cholesterol, helped to maintain normal blood pressure levels and prevented the occurrence of hypertension. Adequate exercise: children and adolescents are encouraged to have at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, and adults are encouraged to have 150 – 300 minutes of aerobics per week or 75 – 150 minutes of high-intensity aerobics, with appropriate muscle force training. Maintaining regular motor habits helps to control weight, enhance cardiovascular functions and improve the resilience of the body, and reduce the risk of hypertensive diseases. • Weight control: Obesity is one of the major risk factors for hypertension, and it is important to prevent hypertension by keeping weight within normal limits (weight index BMI: 18.5 – 23.9 kg/m2) through a reasonable diet and appropriate exercise. For overweight and obese, even a small reduction in body weight (e.g. 5-10% weight loss) can lead to a significant decrease in blood pressure and a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease. • Prohibition of alcohol: Avoiding smoking and reducing exposure to second-hand smoke while limiting alcohol intake can effectively reduce the risk of hypertensive and other cardiovascular diseases. Increased public awareness of the dangers of smoking and overdrinking and the creation of a healthy social environment free of smoke and adequate drinking are essential for high blood pressure prevention. • Periodic medical check-ups: periodic health check-ups to measure indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar, blood resin contribute to early detection of hypertension and other potential health problems and timely intervention. Blood pressure monitoring should be strengthened for groups with high-risk factors such as high-tension family history, obesity, long-term high-salt diet and lack of mobility, and it is recommended that blood pressure be measured at least 1-2 times a year. Hypertensive diseases are more likely to occur than obese patients and can easily induce hypertensive diseases.
The treatment and prevention of hypertension require the joint efforts of individuals, families, communities and society as a whole. By adopting healthy lifestyles, reasonable medication and regular health monitoring, we can effectively control hypertension, reduce the risk of their complications, improve the health of the population and contribute to the ambitious goal of building a healthy China. Let us act from now on to protect our health and that of our families and to move together towards a healthy and happy life.
