Summary: Upper respiratory infections are a common, multi-prevalence disease with a high global incidence, with a significant impact on people ‘ s health and quality of life. This paper examines in depth the causes of upper respiratory infections, clinical performance, diagnostic methods and prevention and treatment strategies aimed at raising public awareness of upper respiratory infections and providing a reference for clinical medical workers to better control and manage the disease.
Introduction
Upper respiratory infections are the sum of acute inflammation of the nasal, throat or throat and can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, etc. It has a certain seasonality and epidemic, especially at winter and spring festivals and during climate change. Given the high incidence of upper respiratory infections, an in-depth study of their relevant characteristics and the development of effective prevention and treatment measures are of great relevance.
II. Causes of illness
1. Virus infection
– The common viruses are influenza virus, sub-influenza virus, nose virus, coronary virus, etc. The virus is transmitted through foaming or exposure into the human respiratory tract, which reproduces within the upper skin cells and causes inflammation. For example, influenza viruses are highly contagious and rapidly variable, leading to a global influenza pandemic.
Bacteria infections
– Partial respiratory infections can be followed by bacterial infections such as soluble streptococcus, pneumonia streptococcus, etc. When human immunity is reduced or viral infections undermine the normal defence of the respiratory tract, bacteria are vulnerable to intrusion and infection, often leading to increased and prolonged conditions.
III. Clinical performance
1. Partial symptoms
– Mainly nasal plugs, aldicarb, sneezes, ingesting, cough, etc. Nasal plugs can lead to a lack of breath, aldicarb can be fresh water samples or sneezes, sneezes are frequent, ingesting levels vary, cough can be dry or co-oped.
2. All-body symptoms
– Heating, headaches, inefficiency, muscular acidity, etc. Heat levels vary and can be low, medium or high. Headaches consist of frontal or full head pains, and incapacitation and muscular acid problems can cause fatigue and physical discomfort, seriously affecting daily activity and work efficiency.
IV. Diagnosis
1. Clinical symptoms and signs
– Initial diagnosis of upper respiratory infections based on typical symptoms of the patient, such as nasal plugs, flue aldicarb, ingesting, cough, etc., combined with all-body symptoms such as fever, headaches, and osteoporosis of the larvae, as well as the swelling of the tonsils. However, clinical symptoms and signs lack specificity and can easily be confused with other respiratory diseases.
Laboratory inspection
– Regular blood testing helps to determine the type of infection. When the virus is infected, the white cell count is more normal or low, and the lymphocytes rate is relatively high; when the bacteria are infected, the white cell count is higher and the percentage of the neutral particle cells increases. In addition, virus separation cultures, serometry tests, etc., can be used to identify specific types of virus infection, but these tests are relatively complex, time-consuming and limited in application in routine clinical diagnosis.
V. Prevention strategies
1. Strengthening hygiene
– Hand-washing, use of soap and running water, thorough cleaning of hands in accordance with the correct method of hand-washing, and effective removal of viruses and bacteria from hands. When coughing or sneezing, paper towels or elbows should be used to shield noses and noses to avoid the spread of foam to others.
Enhanced immunity
– Maintaining a balanced diet and ingestion of nutrient-rich foods such as vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc, such as fresh fruit, vegetables, dairy products, etc., contribute to maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system. Moderate physical exercise, such as a mid-intensity aerobic exercise of at least 150 minutes per week, such as runaways, jogging, etc., can enhance the body and increase the resistance of the body. In addition, ensuring adequate sleep, with high-quality sleep of 7 – 8 hours per night, is essential for the repair and strengthening of the immune system.
Vaccination
– Influenza vaccine is an effective means of preventing influenza virus infection, and annual influenza vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of influenza and complications. Vaccination is particularly important for specific groups, such as the elderly, children, chronically ill, etc.
VI. Therapeutic strategy
General treatment
– Patients should be careful to rest, drink more water and maintain indoor air circulation. Physical cooling methods, such as hot water baths, can be used when symptoms such as heat and headaches are evident, and dermal analgesics, such as acetylaminophenol, brofen, etc., can be administered when necessary, but attention should be paid to the doses and adverse reactions of the drugs.
2. Anti-virus treatment
– Antiviral drugs, such as Libavirin, Ostave, etc., are available at the early stages of the disease for upper respiratory infections caused by viral infections. Ostawe has a better cure for influenza virus infections and should be used as early as possible within 48 hours of the outbreak, which can reduce symptoms and reduce the duration of the disease.
Antibacterial treatment
– Where there is clear evidence of bacterial infection or secondary bacterial infection, appropriate antibacterial drugs may be chosen. Commonly used are penicillin, headbacteria, etc., but the abuse of antibacterial drugs should be avoided and the production of resistant bacteria prevented.
Conclusion
Upper respiratory infections, though a common disease, can effectively reduce their incidence by strengthening preventive measures such as personal health protection, immunization and vaccination. In the area of treatment, appropriate treatment strategies, including general treatment, anti-virus or anti-bacterial treatment, should be adopted, based on an accurate diagnosis of the condition, in order to alleviate the symptoms of the patient, promote rehabilitation and reduce the occurrence of complications. Clinical medical workers should constantly raise awareness and level of treatment for upper respiratory infections, and the public should increase self-health awareness and work together to control the incidence and spread of upper respiratory infections and to safeguard people ‘ s health.
