Diabetes ketone acid poisoning (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes, mainly due to acute insulin insufficiency and an increase in sugar hormones (e.g., insulin, adrenaline, cortisol).
The following is the general information on DKA: The definition of DKA is a clinical syndrome of diabetics, with high blood sugar, high blood ketone and metabolic acid poisoning as a major change due to the severe insulin deficiency in the body and the rise of the insulin.
The main symptoms of DKA include:
• Drinking, pissing, disgusting, vomiting and eating disorders;
• Dehydration symptoms, such as dry skin mucous membrane, eye dents, reduced urine, increased heart rate and reduced blood pressure;
• Breathing fast and smelling of rotten apples (acetone);
• Symptoms of the nervous system, such as dizziness, headaches, irritation and, in serious cases, retardation, apathy, sleep addiction and coma.
The common incentives for DKA include:
• Acute infections, such as respiratory infections, urinary infections, etc.
• Insulin is inappropriately reduced or discontinued;
• Inappropriate diets, such as drinking, excessive hunger, high consumption of sweets and alcohol;
• Stress factors, such as acute heart infarction, mechanism, surgery, trauma, pregnancy and childbirth, and psychotic stimulation;
Excessive exercise, particularly type 1 diabetes patients with severe insulin shortages, can induce ketone acid poisoning.
The treatment of DKA includes: 1. rapid expansion of the ivory infusion of 0.9% of the physio-salt water; 2. correction of low potassium blood; 3. Insulin for intravenous applications, provided that the insulin is 3.3mmol/L; 4. Little sodium carbonate for intravenous applications unless the pH value is <7 after 1 hour of treatment.
Measures to prevent DKA include: 1. Maintain proper medication and adjust insulin dosages in a timely manner; 2. Adjust diets to avoid excessive fat decomposition in the body due to too little carbohydrates; 3. Active prevention and treatment of induced diseases such as severe infections, severe cardiovascular diseases, etc.; 4. Discontinuation of SGLT-2i for patients treated with SSLT-2i before a selection surgery, start-up surgery or expected high physical activity, and consideration of re-introduction of SSLT-2i once dietary intake is restored to baseline levels.
DKA is a serious diabetes emergency, and once diagnosed, patients must go to the hospital for treatment. Before and on the way to the hospital, patients should be actively involved in pre-hospital treatment, such as large quantities of drinking water, undercut insulin, de-use of double-smelt sugar, monitoring of blood sugar and urine every two hours and prompt access to the hospital or to doctors.
Diabetes ketone acid poisoning
