The adverse effects of emergency surgical antibacterial drugs are well known: early identification, response.

Antibacterial drugs play an important role in the medical treatment of emergency surgery and are effective in combating bacterial infections and saving patients ‘ lives. However, as with any drug, anti-bacterial drugs are not without risk, and their adverse effects may occur in the course of treatment, causing additional suffering and even endangering life. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects of emergency surgical antibacterials and their early identification and response are key components of safe treatment.I. Allergies: alert to the risks of rapid and late onsetAllergies are one of the most common and potentially life-threatening adverse effects of antibacterial drugs. In the case of penicillin, for example, it is often used in emergency surgery to prevent and treat multiple infections. Some patients are likely to have rapid hair allergies as a result of the use of penicillin, and within minutes to minutes of the administration of the drug, skin aches, mascara, rapidly develop into vascular neurological oedema in serious cases, and stress and respiratory tracts can cause edema to the throat, causing respiratory difficulties, asphyxia, etc., and the patient may die in a short time if it is not rescued in time. There is also an allergy risk of precipitin antibiotics, with allergy symptoms similar to penicillin, and although not all persons who are allergic to penicillin are allergic to the precipitine, they need to be treated with caution. Some patients may suffer from late-haired allergies, with symptoms such as rashes, fever, joint pains after days or weeks of medication, which can be misdiagnosed as other diseases, thus delaying treatment. Therefore, detailed questioning of patients ‘ history of allergies and the conduct of pictorial tests are essential precautions prior to the use of allergies. Once an allergy of the patient is detected, the use of the suspected drug should be stopped immediately and the first-aid measures should be tailored to the severity of the allergy, such as the provision of antimontamines for light-sensitization and the immediate emergency treatment of epinephrine injections, oxygen use, and the maintenance of airways and, if necessary, CPR.II. Gastrointestinal response: influencing nutritional intake and rehabilitation processesMany antibacterial drugs cause gastrointestinal responses, which are more common in emergency surgery and may affect the patient ‘ s nutritional intake and overall rehabilitation process. For example, macrocyclic ester antibiotics such as erythrin, achicin, etc. often lead to symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, etc. This is because such drugs stimulate gastrointestinal mucous membranes and affect the normal corrosive and digestive flow function of the gastrointestinal tract. Although there are advantages such as high tissue concentrations and long half-lifes, gastrointestinal adverse effects are sometimes more pronounced, especially when taken in empties. Some of the drugs in β-neamide antibiotics, such as Amocrin, can also cause mild gastrointestinal reaction, such as appetite failure, nausea, etc. Long-term gastrointestinal dysentery reactions can lead to undernourishment, loss of weight and weakness of patients, which is compounded by severe trauma and multiple fractures for patients who need physical recovery after an emergency surgery or who are themselves at risk of malnutrition. In cases of gastrointestinal reaction, different measures may be taken depending on the severity of the symptoms. In the case of mild nausea and vomiting, the time of use may be adjusted, for example, to be taken after eating or to provide some gastric mucous protection; in the case of severe vomiting, diarrhoea may require a temporary stoppage, supplemented by water and electrolyte, to prevent dehydration and electrolytic disorders, and, if necessary, to provide anti-laxatives, such as demoliosis.Hepatic toxicity: potential liver function threatSome antibacterial drugs are liver toxic and may pose a potential threat to the liver function of patients in emergency surgical treatment. For example, tetracyclic antibiotics may impair liver function at long-term or large doses, leading to signs such as aminoase rise and yellow sluice. This is due to the fact that tetracycline interferes with some metabolic pathways within liver cells during liver metabolism and affects normal detoxification and synthesis functions in the liver. In addition, individual drugs in the Great Ringed ester antibiotics may have adverse liver effects, such as increased risks of hepatotoxicity when erythiocin is used in specific populations, such as the elderly, and the insufficiently functioning liver. In emergency surgery, hepatitis functions are monitored regularly for patients requiring long-term antibiotic treatment, such as those suffering from chronic osteoporosis following an open fracture, in order to detect and address hepatotoxicity in a timely manner. If hepatic abnormalities are detected, hepatotoxic antibiotics should be discontinued and hepatopharmaceutical treatments, such as pre-protocol cyte glycol, ammonium gavage, etc., should be provided, while the diet of the patient should be adjusted to provide high heat, proteins, vitamins and low fat food to promote the rehabilitation and regeneration of liver cells.IV. Renal toxicity: risk of nephrological damage that cannot be ignoredRenal toxicity is an issue that cannot be ignored when aminomal sugar antibiotics are applied in emergency surgery. They are mainly excreted through kidneys, such as Quintain and Amikas, which accumulate in kidneys and cause damage to skin cells in kidney tubes. Patients may experience elevated levels of protein urine, blood urine, blood acetic anhydride and urea nitrogen, which can cause kidney failure in serious cases. Older persons and children are more likely to experience renal toxicity when using amino-cyanide antibiotics because of their relatively weak kidney function. In addition, a certain risk of renal toxicity may exist in the case of carbon pyroacnein antibiotics such as amphetamine and meropenan, although antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity is high, especially in patients with incomplete kidney function, where use requires close monitoring of renal function indicators and dose adjustments based on kidney function. In the course of the use of antibacterials with renal toxicity, indicators such as acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen and acetic anhydride removal rates should be regularly tested and, in the event of an abnormal renal function, the programme for the use of the drug should be adjusted in a timely manner, e.g. by reducing the dose, extending the interval between the delivery of the drug or stopping the drug, and, if necessary, providing kidney substitution treatment, such as blood dialysis or peritoneal dialysis.V. Illnesses in the blood system: interference with normal blood production and condensationSome of the antibacterial drugs can have an adverse effect on the blood system, which is also happening in emergency surgery. Clocin has been used with caution for causing serious adverse reactions to the blood system, such as regenerative obstructive anaemia. Such adverse reactions, when they occur, tend to lead to poor prognosis, which seriously affects the patient ‘ s blood-making function. In a few cases, antibiotics of the head of enzymes may affect the coagulation function, leading to longer periods of coagulation and increased hemorrhage. Medicines such as Haut Mondo inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K, which is necessary for coagulation, thus indirectly affecting the blood process. In the case of patients who undergo emergency surgery or who are themselves at risk of coagulation functional impairment, such as traumatic shock patients, there is a need to follow closely the changes in blood system indicators when using these antibacterial drugs that may affect the blood system. The blood routines are regularly examined, including indicators such as erythrocyte count, white cell count, slab count, haemoglobin, as well as indicators of coagulation function, such as coagulator time (PT), active partial coagulation time (APTT). In the event of an anomaly in the blood system, appropriate treatment measures, such as blood transfusions, vitamin K supplementation, the use of anti-ventilative drugs, etc., should be taken in a timely manner and anti-bacterial treatment programmes adjusted.VI. Neuro-system malfeasance: diverse and complex manifestations of neurotic symptomsSome antibacterial drugs can cause adverse nervous system reactions, and their symptoms are diverse and complex. Antibiotics such as quinone, e.g., left oxen fluorine, Mossa, etc., may cause dizziness, headache, insomnia, tremors and, in serious cases, may affect the normal functioning of the central nervous system, causing convulsions, mental abnormalities, etc. This is because quinone-type drugs may affect the neurotransmittance balance in the central nervous system and the excitement of neurons. Carbon pyroacne antibiotics may induce epilepsy in individual patients, especially when the lack of complete kidney function slows down drug excretion and increases in blood concentrations. The use of these antibiotics requires greater care and close observation of changes in the symptoms of the nervous system for patients in emergency surgery with underlying diseases of the nervous system, such as post-cranial brain trauma. In the event of an adverse neurological reaction, the relevant drugs should be discontinued and treated in accordance with the severity of the symptoms, such as anti-convulsive drugs, tranquillizers, etc., and neurological specialists should be consulted to assist in further diagnosis and treatment.In the course of the treatment of anti-bacterial drugs in emergency surgery, medical personnel must remain vigilant, closely observe the patient ‘ s response and identify early symptoms of various adverse reactions in a timely manner. Patients and their families should also be aware of the manifestations of a number of common adverse reactions in order to be able to inform health-care personnel in the event of an anomaly. It is only through early identification and response that the full impact of anti-bacterial treatment can be minimized and the adverse effects on patients can be minimized and the treatment of emergency surgical patients ensured in a safe and effective manner.