Functional Dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disease, which is characterized by epigastric pain, postprandial fullness, early satiety and other dyspeptic symptoms, but no obvious organic lesions are found after gastroscopy. The morbidity mechanism of FD is complex, involving many aspects, including dietary factors, mental factors, gastrointestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, gastrointestinal hormone disorders and brain-gut axis dysfunction.
1. Dietary factors
Poor eating habits are a common cause of functional dyspepsia. Modern people have a fast pace of life and often neglect the regularity of diet, such as not eating breakfast, overeating, eating too fast and too full, and often eating spicy, greasy and stimulating food. These bad habits will increase the burden of intestines and stomach and affect digestive function. Especially high-fat diet, spicy, fried food, gas-producing food, carbonated drinks, drinking, strong tea and so on, may stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and cause indigestion symptoms. Therefore, adjusting dietary habits, eating regularly and quantitatively, and avoiding stimulating food are important measures to prevent and treat FD.
II. Mental factors
Excessive
mental stress, emotional tension, anxiety, depression and other negative emotions may also cause functional dyspepsia. When people are in a state of mental tension, the nervous system of the body will be affected, which will affect the peristalsis of the intestines and stomach and the secretion of digestive juice, leading to indigestion. Long-term mental stress may also make the stomach more sensitive to stimulation and aggravate the symptoms of indigestion. Therefore, learning to regulate emotions, reduce mental stress and maintain mental health is equally important for the prevention and treatment of FD.
3. Gastrointestinal motility disorder
Gastrointestinal motility deficiency is an important cause of functional dyspepsia. Gastrointestinal peristalsis slows down, food stays in the stomach for too long and can not be emptied in time, which can cause stomach distension, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Gastrointestinal motility disorders may also lead to the accumulation of intestinal gas, causing abdominal distension, abdominal pain and other discomforts. This motility disorder often coexists with abnormal gastric electrical activity, which is the main pathophysiological basis of FD.
4. Visceral hypersensitivity
Visceral hypersensitivity exists in
some patients with functional dyspepsia. This means that the stomach and intestines are more sensitive to normal physiological stimuli, such as the expansion of food and the stimulation of gastric acid. This allergic reaction can lead to dyspepsia symptoms such as pain and discomfort, even in the absence of obvious pathological changes. The occurrence of visceral hypersensitivity is related to the abnormal regulation of visceral hypersensitivity by the central nervous system.
5. Helicobacter pylori infection
Helicobacter pylori infection is also an important factor in functional dyspepsia. Hp infection can cause duodenal inflammation and permeability changes, mucosal barrier damage, thus causing functional dyspepsia. After the eradication of Hp, the dyspeptic symptoms of some patients can be improved.
Gastrointestinal hormone disorder and brain-gut axis dysfunction
Gastrointestinal hormones, such as motilin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide, play an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. When the secretion and regulation of these hormones are disturbed, they will affect gastrointestinal motility and lead to indigestion. In addition, the dysfunction of brain-gut axis is also an important morbidity mechanism of FD. The central nervous system plays an important role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity, and somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, and adverse life events are significantly associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
VII. Prevention and treatment
For the prevention and treatment of functional dyspepsia, the above factors should be considered comprehensively. First of all, adjust eating habits, eat regularly and quantitatively, avoid stimulating food, and maintain the regularity of diet. Secondly, learn to regulate emotions, reduce mental stress and maintain mental health. In addition, proper exercise can also help to improve gastrointestinal motility and alleviate indigestion symptoms. For patients with severe or persistent symptoms, they should seek medical treatment in time and be treated under the guidance of doctors. Treatment methods include drug therapy (such as acid suppressants, prokinetic drugs, digestive enzymes, etc.), psychotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
To sum up, the morbidity mechanisms of functional dyspepsia are complex and diverse, involving diet, spirit, gastrointestinal motility, visceral sensation, Hp infection, gastrointestinal hormones and brain-gut axis. Understanding these causes will help us to take appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures to improve the quality of life.
