Rheumatism is a common self-immunised disease, with the main focus on internal medicine, posing serious challenges to the health and quality of life of patients. As a specialist in medicine, an in-depth understanding of the various aspects of the disease is essential for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and improved patient prognosis.
The rheumatism arthritis is mainly a violation of the joints and is manifested in the pathologies. In the early stages of the disease, patients often experienced joint pain, swelling and rigidity, especially when small joints such as the close-end joint, the hand- finger joint and the wrist joint were more typical. As the condition progresses, the joint cartilage and bone may be damaged, leading to joint malformations and loss of function. For example, the hand joints may be tilted on the side of the ruler, the swan neck is deformed, which seriously affects the daily life of patients, such as reduced grips and difficulties in fine action such as buttons, writing, etc.
Rheumatism is a chronic inflammation caused by the wrong attack by the body immune system on its own joint tissue, in terms of the mechanism of morbidity. Genetic factors play a role in this, with relatively high risk of morbidity among population groups with family history. At the same time, environmental factors, such as infection, can induce disease. In the case of immunopathy, the inflammation of the joints by inflammation of large numbers of inflammation cells and the release of inflammatory media such as tumour causes of death – alpha, white cellulin – 6 further exacerbates joint damage.
In terms of diagnosis, in addition to the typical joint symptoms of the patient, there is a need to combine laboratory examinations. The rheumatist factor (RF) and the anti-accumulator (CCP) are commonly used serobiology markers, but some patients may be RF negative, so diagnosis cannot be excluded on the basis of RF negatives alone. Inflammatory indicators such as erythrocyte deposition (ESR) and C reaction protein (CRP) are increasing, reflecting the degree of activity of the disease. Visual screenings such as X-rays, MRI, etc. are important for assessing the extent of joint structural damage, and early X-lines may show only a soft tissue swelling, with the appearance of a narrow joint gap, bone damage, etc. as the condition evolves, while MRI is able to detect, at a more early stage, such pathologies as increased glitter and osmosis.
The aim of treatment of rheumatism is to control inflammation, alleviate pain, prevent joint damage and malformation, protect joint function and improve the quality of life of patients, and minimize the adverse effects of drugs. Drug treatment is the core tool, and traditional anti-ructamine (DMARDs) such as ammonium butterflies, the cornerstone of treatment, can inhibit immune responses and slow the progress of joint disease. Patients with more serious conditions or with poor reaction to traditional DMARDs can be treated in combination with biological agents such as tumour necrosis inhibitors. Biological agents are effective and more effective in controlling inflammation, but they need to be sensitive to adverse effects such as their potential to increase the risk of infection and are closely monitored during their use. In addition, sugar cortex hormones can be used in the short term to control acute inflammation, but not in large doses over the long term to avoid multiple side effects.
Patient education and rehabilitation exercise are also essential during treatment. Patients need to understand the nature of the disease, the importance of treatment programmes and long-term management, and to cooperate actively with treatment. Rehabilitation can maintain joint activity and enhance muscle strength, such as joint stretching exercises, moderate aerobics, etc., which is positive for improving joint function and self-care.
The treatment of rheumatism is a long-term and complex process, and specialists in internal medicine need to take into account the multiple factors of the patient ‘ s condition, individual differences, develop a precise treatment programme and closely monitor and adjust it in a timely manner in order to help the patient to better control the disease and return to normal life.
