Chronic infectious diseases are a category of diseases that are chronically present in the human body and that cause persistent health hazards. As globalization accelerates and human lifestyles change, the incidence of chronic infectious diseases increases, placing a heavy burden on individuals, families and societies. This paper will address the hazards of chronic infectious diseases, prevention measures and the challenges of treatment.
1. Impact on personal health • Long-term diseases: Chronic infectious diseases are usually long-term and require long-term treatment and management, which seriously affects the quality of life. • Physical impairment: may result in impairment of the functioning of organs, e.g. hepatitis can cause liver damage and tuberculosis can affect lung function. • Psychological stress: the physical discomfort and fear of the future caused by illness can easily cause anxiety and depression. • Financial burden: the high cost of treatment places a heavy economic burden on families. • Care burden: patients need family care, which affects the work and life of family members. • Tension in family relations: Long-term illness can lead to tension in family relations. 3. Social impact • Diversion of medical resources: a large number of patients require medical services, which consumes limited medical resources. • Labour losses: Patients are unable to work because of illness, leading to a reduction in the labour force and affecting socio-economic development. • Communication risks: some chronic infectious diseases are contagious and, if not controlled, easily transmitted among the population, threatening public health.
1. Health education • Promote healthy lifestyles, such as a reasonable diet, adequate exercise and abdication of alcohol. 2. Vaccination • Timely vaccination against a number of preventable chronic infectious diseases, such as hepatitis B and influenza, is the most effective preventive measure. 3. Personal hygiene • Maintaining good hygiene practices such as hand washing and vomiting. • Avoiding close contact with patients, especially during the epidemic. Environmental health • Maintain a clean living environment and regular ventilation. • Strengthening public health facilities and improving sanitation conditions.
1. Diagnosis difficulties • The complexity and high cost of detecting some chronic infectious diseases limit their application in primary health-care facilities. 2. Complex treatment programmes • The treatment of chronic infectious diseases usually requires long-term medication, and the side effects and drug resistance are more acute. • Different patients have very different conditions and require individualized treatment programmes. 3. Patients are less dependent • Long-term treatment tends to irritate patients, leading to less dependence and affecting treatment effectiveness. • Some patients are not aware of the disease, do not take drugs on time or do not take them on their own. 4. Medical resources are inadequate. • The limited level of medical care available in primary health-care facilities to meet the needs of patients.
5. It is concluded that chronic infectious diseases cause serious harm to individuals, families and societies. Prevention is key to the control of chronic infectious diseases, which can be effectively reduced through measures such as health education, vaccination, hygiene and sanitation. However, the treatment of chronic infectious diseases faces a number of challenges, including the need to strengthen diagnostic techniques, optimize treatment programmes, improve patient dependence and increase the investment of medical resources. Only a combination of preventive and curative measures can effectively control the spread of chronic infectious diseases and guarantee public health.
