Special requirements
for anaesthesia in plastic surgery Plastic surgery plays an important role in modern medicine because of its high precision, little damage to tissues and the pursuit of aesthetic effects. This kind of surgery involves many aspects, such as facial contour adjustment, nose plastic surgery, breast plastic surgery, liposuction and shaping, covering many parts of the head, face, trunk and limbs. Anesthesia plays a vital role in plastic surgery. It is not only related to the safety and comfort of patients, but also directly affects the success of surgery and postoperative results. Anesthesia therefore has a special set of requirements in plastic surgery.
1. Fine selection
of anesthesia methods Plastic surgery has a very high requirement for the fine selection of anesthesia methods. According to the type of operation, the patient’s physical condition and needs, anesthesiologists need to tailor the anesthesia plan. Common anesthesia methods include local anesthesia, regional block anesthesia, general anesthesia and so on.
Local anesthesia: applicable to small, superficial plastic surgery, such as body surface nevus excision, body surface small tumor excision. By injecting local anesthetics into the surgical site, the patient can lose the sense of pain in the area, keep awake and feedback the feeling in the operation in time.
Regional block anesthesia: It is suitable for a wide range of plastic surgery, such as brachial plexus block, cervical plexus block, etc. By blocking the conduction of the main nerve, the anesthetic effect of the operation area is achieved.
General anesthesia: It is suitable for large and complex plastic surgery, such as mandibular angle resection, autologous fat breast enhancement, liposuction, etc. General anesthesia is administered intravenously or by inhalation to make the patient unconscious and relax the muscles of the whole body, which is convenient for the operation.
When choosing the anesthesia method, we should also consider the patient’s age, physical condition, psychological condition and other factors, and choose the anesthesia method that has the least impact on the patient.
2. Precise control
of anesthetic drugs The precise control of anesthetic drugs in orthopedic surgery is also crucial. Anesthesiologists should choose appropriate anesthetic drugs and dosage according to the operation time and difficulty to ensure the precise control of the depth of anesthesia and the dosage of drugs.
Short-acting and reversible anesthetics: For operations requiring immediate postoperative evaluation, such as facial contour adjustment, short-acting and reversible anesthetics should be selected as far as possible, so as to quickly restore consciousness and evaluate the effect after operation.
Prevention of fat embolism: For liposuction and other operations, special attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of potential complications such as fat embolism. Anesthesiologists should closely monitor the vital signs of patients and adjust the depth of anesthesia and drug dosage in time to reduce the risk of fat embolism.
In addition, the rational selection of anesthetic drugs should also take into account the individual differences of patients, such as liver and kidney function, drug metabolism, etc., to ensure the safety and effectiveness of anesthetic drugs.
III. Monitoring and management
during anesthesia Anesthesia procedures in plastic surgery require close monitoring and management. Anesthesiologists need to continuously monitor the patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram and other vital signs, and timely detect and deal with possible circulatory fluctuations. At the same time, it is necessary to keep the patient’s respiratory tract unobstructed and avoid the impact of facial surgery on respiratory function.
Respiratory function monitoring: pay close attention to the patient’s respiratory rate, tidal volume, oxygen saturation and other indicators through respiratory monitoring equipment to ensure normal respiratory function. For patients requiring endotracheal intubation, ensure that the endotracheal tube is properly positioned to avoid displacement or distortion.
Circulatory function monitoring: according to the patient’s specific conditions and surgical needs, select anesthetic drugs that have less impact on circulation to avoid causing severe fluctuations in blood pressure. According to the monitoring results, timely supplement blood volume for patients to maintain circulatory stability.
In addition, pain management during anesthesia is also a link that can not be ignored. Anesthesiologists should use appropriate analgesic drugs and techniques according to the degree of pain of patients to ensure that patients can receive adequate analgesic treatment during and after surgery.
IV. Postoperative anesthesia recovery and nursing
Anesthesia recovery is as important as care after plastic surgery. Patients should receive close ECG monitoring in the recovery room, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. At the same time, it is necessary to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, remove oral secretion in time, and prevent aspiration and asphyxia.
Pain Assessment and Analgesia Treatment: Periodically assess the patient’s pain level using an appropriate pain assessment tool such as a visual analogue scale (VAS) or numeric rating scale (NRS). Patients are given appropriate analgesic medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids, based on the results of the pain assessment.
Dietary guidance and psychological support: instruct patients to gradually resume diet after operation and avoid eating greasy and stimulating food too early. Providing psychological support to reduce the anxiety of patients can help reduce the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
To sum up, anesthesia has a series of special requirements in plastic surgery, including the fine selection of anesthesia methods, the precise control of anesthetic drugs, the monitoring and management during anesthesia, and the recovery and nursing of postoperative anesthesia. These special requirements are designed to ensure the safety and comfort of patients during the operation, and to improve the success rate of the operation and the postoperative effect. Therefore, when choosing plastic surgery, patients should fully understand the relevant knowledge and requirements of anesthesia, and fully communicate with anesthesiologists to ensure the smooth operation and rapid recovery after surgery.
