Anaesthesia is one of the most common complications after anaesthesia, leading to functional impairments of consciousness, cognitive, sensory, etc., increasing the pain and risk of the patient and influencing post-operative recovery. Therefore, an in-depth study of its prevention and treatment measures is essential to improve the safety of anaesthesia and patient prognosis.
I. Reasons for anaesthesia
(i) Patient factor
1. Age: Older patients are more susceptible to anaesthesia due to a decline in the functioning of the central nervous system and a decrease in brain reserve capacity. Children, especially young children, have not yet developed a well-developed nervous system and are among the most highly active.
Pre-operative cognitive function: Patients with pre-operative cognitive impairments, dementia, etc., have significantly increased the risk of pre-operative pre-operative dementia.
3. Basic diseases: Patients suffering from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes are more likely to suffer from anaesthesia. Cardiovascular diseases, for example, may affect brain blood circulation and increase the probability of haemophilia.
(ii) Surgery factors
1. Type of operation: Some operations, such as heart surgery, osteoporosis, long-term surgery, are more likely to cause anaesthesia in the wake of severe trauma and stress.
The longer the operation takes, the longer the patient is exposed to an anaesthesia, the greater the impact on the internal environment and the nervous system of the organism, and the higher the likelihood of cynicism.
(iii) Anaesthesia factors
1. Narcotic drugs: The use or joint use of certain narcotic substances may be associated with pretense. For example, some of the residual effects of inhaling anaesthesia and intravenous anesthesia may affect the central nervous system function of the patient. In addition, doses of narcotic drugs, time of use, etc. have an impact on the incidence of pretence.
2. Anaesthesia depth: Frequent changes in the depths of anaesthesia or the process of anaesthesia may lead to brain disorders and increase the incidence of abism.
II. Preventive measures of anaesthesia
(i) Pre-operative assessment and preparation
1. Comprehensive assessment of patients: detailed information on the age, history, cognitive functions, etc. of the patients, priority tagging of high-risk patients and appropriate prevention programmes.
2. Optimizing patient status: active treatment of patients ‘ underlying diseases and control of stable conditions. For patients suffering from pre-operative anxiety, appropriate psychological counselling is provided to ease stress.
(ii) Anaesthesia management
Reasonable choice of an narcotic drug: To the extent possible, select an narcotic drug that has a low impact on the central nervous system and control the dose of an narcotic drug and the time of its use precisely according to the patient’s condition and the needs of the operation. For example, the use of certain drugs that may cause prevarication can be appropriately reduced among older patients.
2. Maintenance of stable anaesthesia depth: real-time monitoring of anaesthesia depth by means of monitoring methods such as the Brain Double Frequency Index (BIS) to avoid sharp fluctuations in the depth of anaesthesia and to keep the process calm.
(iii) Post-operative management
1. Optimizing the environment: Maintaining a quiet, comfortable, light-appropriate post-operative recovery room or ward, reducing adverse irritation such as noise and strong light, and contributing to a smooth awakening of the patient.
2. Full sedition: post-operative pain is one of the major factors that induce cynicism and should be the subject of effective pain relief measures, such as the use of appropriate painkillers or painkillers, with care to avoid excessive calm.
III. Measures to deal with anaesthesia
(i) Ensuring patient safety
1. Strengthening guardianship: close observation of vital signs, state of consciousness, etc., in cases where a patient is in a state of pretence, and prevention of accidents such as bed crashes, removals, etc., due to his or her agitation. The patient may be appropriately restrained, but care is taken to avoid damage.
2. Respiratory and cyclic stability: ensure that the patient ‘ s respiratory tract is open and, if necessary, provides supplementary ventilation. In cases of blood pressure abnormalities, heart disorders, etc., are treated in a timely manner to maintain circulation stability.
(ii) Drug treatment
1. Sedated drugs: Appropriate sedatives, such as the right metomydit, may be selected according to the patient ‘ s circumstances. Right-Metomic can be calm, resistant to anxiety, and has a small respiratory inhibition effect, which can be effective in mitigating patients ‘ irritation, but at dose and timing.
2. Anti-psychiatric drugs: If necessary, small doses of anti-psychiatric drugs, such as fluorine, may be used, but be wary of their adverse effects, such as the symptoms of the cone external system.
(iii) Psychological support
1. Patients: Medical staff should be with them, communicate with them in a gentle language and attitude, and try to make them feel safe and comfortable and to ease their fear and anxiety.
2. Family involvement: allowing families to accompany patients at the right time, providing emotional support to the patients and helping them to restore calm.
Anaesthesia is a complex problem involving a number of factors, including patients, surgery and anesthesia. A comprehensive pre-operative assessment, reasonable anaesthesia management and effective post-operative preventive measures can reduce the incidence of pre-opause, deal with pre-existing pre-opauses in a timely manner, guarantee the safe and smooth recovery of patients during anaesthesia and improve the quality of care.
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