Acute liver failure is a serious clinical syndrome, where, in the absence of a chronic liver disease base, a large number of liver cell necrosis occur in a short period of time, resulting in severe liver function impairment and symptoms such as liver cerebral disease. The ALF ‘ s acute illness, rapid progress and high rates of death are among the most serious diseases. The aim of this paper is to increase public awareness of the disease by knowledge of acute liver failure, including its causes, clinical performance, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.There are many causes of acute liver failure, mainly viral hepatitis, drug poisoning, bacterial and lektic infections, metabolic diseases and genetic diseases.
1, viral hepatitis: The most common type of hepatitis virus in the country is hepatitis, which can cause ALF but is relatively rare.
2 Drug poisoning: Another common cause of ALF is drug liver damage. Drugs or their metabolites can cause direct liver damage or are associated with individual immune responses.
3. Infection: Bacteria and lektic infections can cause sepsis, infectious shock, damage to the liver function and, if serious, ALF.
4- Metabolismal diseases and hereditary diseases: e.g. Reye syndrome, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Wilson ‘ s disease, semi-lactose haematosis and genoplasmosis can cause ALF.
II. Clinical performance The clinical manifestations of acute liver failure are varied and include, inter alia, yellow slurry, haemorrhage and liver failure.
1. Yellow sting: The majority of ALF patients suffer from yellow sluice, which is increasing rapidly.
Hepatic functional failure: Laboratory tests show an increase in sero-transmitamase, especially in the case of savanna-transmitamase (AST); an increase in the total chlamydia of serocyte; an increase in the time of coagulation enzyme (PT) and a decrease in the activity of the enzyme (PA).
Hemorrhage: Undercut haemorrhages, bruises, teeth haemorrhages, nose mucus haemorrhages, even in digestive tracts, such as vomiting and gout.
Diagnosis of acute liver failure is based mainly on laboratory examinations, clinical performance and visual examinations.Clinical performance: An acute illness with a second degree and above of liver cerebral disease within two weeks, accompanied by severe digestive tract symptoms, increased salivation and reduced liver activity.Laboratory examinations: Aberrants can be detected from blood routines, biochemical tests and coagulation functions. The length of the original lycée (PT) has been extended and the reduced activity of the lycée (PA) is also one of the key diagnostic grounds for the ALF.
3. Visual examinations: abdominal B super, CT or MRI can help to assess liver morphology and the presence of complications.
Treatment for acute liver failure includes, inter alia, pathological treatment, treatment for complications, liver transplantation and artificial liver support treatment.
1. Physicological treatment: Antiviral therapy is available for the ALF caused by viral hepatitis; for the ALF, drugs that may cause liver damage should be discontinued and detoxified and hepatotherapy provided.
2. Treatment of complications: treatment of complications such as liver cerebral disease, cerebral oedema and kidney failure.
Hepatic transplants: In situ liver transplants are currently the most effective way of treating acute liver failure, with post-operative survival rates above 70 per cent.
4. Artificial liver support treatment: elimination of harmful substances through in vitro mechanical, physical, chemical or biological devices, supplementation of essential substances, improvement of the internal environment and temporary replacement of the function of the decaying liver.
The key to prevention of acute liver failure lies in raising health awareness, strengthening self-management and avoiding the contributing factors.
1 Vaccination: prevention of viral hepatitis.
2. Rational use of drugs: Avoiding substance abuse, especially those that may cause liver damage.
3. Maintain good living habits: anti-smoking, regular eating habits, avoiding overwork and increasing physical immunity.
4. Periodic medical check-ups: For people with a chronic liver disease base, periodic check-ups should be carried out to detect and deal with potential pathologies in a timely manner.
Acute liver failure is a serious and complex clinical syndrome with diverse causes, diverse clinical performance and rapid progress. The survival of patients can be improved effectively through a combination of treatments, including pathological treatment, treatment for complications, liver transplants and artificial liver support treatment. Preventing acute liver failure requires increased health awareness, better self-management and the avoidance of disease-induced factors.Reference No. 1, Chinese Medical Association, Infective Hepatitis and Artificial Hepatology Group, Chinese Medical Association, Hepatology and Heavy Hepatitis and Artificial Hepatology Group [J]. Guide to Hepatic Hepatitis Care, Chinese Negrology Journal, 2006, 45(12): 1053-1056.2 Lee Xiao Li. Clinical analysis of medically digestive haemorrhaging [J]. Chinese Medicine Guide, 2016 (25): 139-140.3. Clinical performance of acute liver function failure (acute hepatic failure. AHF) and the basis for the diagnosis [J]. Medical overview, 2022, 28 (14): 2.Diagnosis and assessment of acute liver failure [J]. Clinical liver gall magazine, 2021, 37(1): 2.5. Clinical treatment for acute liver failure [J]. Medical microthesis, 2021.6 Shen Zingyang. Effects of liver transplant treatment on acute liver function failure and pre- and post-analysis [J]. Chinese Organ Transplant Journal, 2019, 40(3): 4.7 Wang Lin. Study on the relationship between living habits and liver health [J]. Health education study, 2020, 18 (5):3.
The aim of this paper is to provide general scientific knowledge of acute liver failure and to provide the reader with comprehensive and accurate information through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature. Owing to individual differences and the complexity of the disease, specific treatments and preventive measures need to be developed by professional doctors, depending on the patient ‘ s situation.
