The introduction to the individualized treatment programme states that genetic diseases are those caused by genetic mutations, which tend to be family-based and may affect multiple organ systems. When anaesthetized, patients with genetic diseases may be at higher risk than the general population because of their unique physical and pathological characteristics. Therefore, individualized treatment programmes for patients with genetic diseases are particularly important.
This paper will explore individualized treatment of patients with hereditary diseases during anaesthesia and discuss how appropriate anaesthesia strategies can be developed based on the specific genetic background of the patient. The special risks that patients with hereditary diseases and anaesthesia risks may face in receiving anaesthesia include, but are not limited to: metabolic anomalies: certain genetic diseases can affect drug metabolism and may lead to drug accumulation or diminished drug efficacy. Anomalous musculoskeletal system: Genetic diseases can lead to abnormal musculoskeletal structure and make the management of the gas route more difficult.
Cardiovascular abnormalities: cardiac structural or functional abnormalities may cause hemodynamic instability during anaesthesia. Neuro-system anomalies: Neuro-system stress may affect the choice and dosage of narcotic drugs. The development of individualized treatment programmes for patients with genetic diseases requires a combination of genetic background, clinical performance and anesthesia needs. Pre-operative assessment of genetic counselling: knowledge of the patient ‘ s genetic history and assessment of the effects of genetic characteristics on anaesthesia. Detailed medical examinations: comprehensive physical examinations, in particular focused assessment of organ systems that may be affected.
Laboratory examinations: necessary blood, biochemical, genetic, etc. to assess drug metabolic capacity and predict potential complications. The choice of narcotic drugs avoids taboo drugs: drugs that may cause adverse effects are excluded based on the genetic characteristics of the patient. Individualized dosage adjustment: The drug is adjusted to the patient ‘ s specific circumstances to ensure anaesthesia while reducing side effects.
Monitoring of drug response: closely monitoring patients ‘ response to drugs during anaesthesia and timely adjustment of treatment programmes. Airway management and air-traffic strategy individualized air-channel management: select appropriate air-channel management tools and techniques based on the anatomy characteristics of patients. Anticipatory strategy: Develop a patient-friendly ventilation strategy to ensure adequate oxygen supply and CO2 emissions.
Monitoring and support for special surveillance: Selecting appropriate monitoring techniques, such as myvionics, electroencephalograms, etc., based on the characteristics of genetic diseases. Emergency preparedness: develop emergency response plans for possible complications.
Post-operative pain management: Individualized pain management programmes based on patients ‘ genetic characteristics. Prevention of complications: preventive measures for possible complications arising from genetic diseases. Rehabilitation guidance: individualized rehabilitation guidance to help patients recover as soon as possible. The case analysis took as an example the Marfan syndrome, a common chromosome epigenetic disease that mainly affects the conjunctive organization, with patients often characterized by cardiovascular system anomalies and skeletal malformations.
In the process of anaesthesia, particular attention needs to be paid to the following aspects: cardiovascular assessment: comprehensive pre-operative cardiovascular assessment, including cardiac ultrasound, etc., to assess the function of the heart and possible aneurysm. Airway management: Because patients may have cervical abnormalities, airway management requires extra care and may require techniques such as fibre bronchial tubes. Drug selection: Avoiding the use of drugs that may increase cardiovascular burden, such as adrenaline.
Conclusion: Anaesthesia management for patients with genetic diseases is a complex and multidisciplinary collaborative process requiring a wide range of expertise, including anaesthetists, geneticists and physicians. The safety and effectiveness of anaesthesia can be significantly improved through detailed pre-operative assessments, individualized narcotic drug choices, special air route management and air-traffic strategies, close monitoring and support, and careful post-operative management. Future research should continue to explore more individualized treatment programmes for patients with hereditary diseases in order to further improve the quality of anesthesia and patient satisfaction.
Anaesthesia.
