Anaesthesia risk and management of patients with specific diseases: special consideration for heart disease and diabetes
Anaesthesia, as an integral part of surgical treatment, is applied with particular care for patients in different health conditions. In particular, patients with specific diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, may be at higher risk during anaesthesia. This paper will explore in depth the special risk and management strategies of people with heart disease and diabetes in the context of anaesthesia, with the aim of increasing public awareness of the safety of these two groups of patients and promoting communication and understanding between patients and patients.
I. Anaesthesia risk and management for heart patients
Anaesthesia management is particularly important when heart patients are operating. Due to the special physical condition of heart patients and the relatively high risk of anaesthesia, the management of anaesthesia for heart patients requires special attention.
1. Anaesthesia risk
Cardiovascular system stress: Anesthesia and surgical stress can lead to dramatic changes in heart rate, blood pressure and increase the risk of complications such as cardiac disorders, myocardiosis and myocardial infarction.
Cardiac function inhibition: Anaesthesia can inhibit the heart function, leading to a decrease in heart drains and a decrease in myocardial constriction, which may increase the load of the heart function for patients who are already having cardiac deficiencies.
(c) The burden of narcotic drugs: The possible burden of narcotic drugs on the heart and vascular system increases the risk of post-operative heart failure.
Management strategy
Pre-operative assessment and preparation: a comprehensive pre-operative assessment of heart disease patients, including severity of condition, heart function, type of operation and complexity.
Development of individualised surgical and anaesthesia programmes to ensure that the choice and dosage of narcotic drugs are appropriate for the patient ‘ s heart condition.
Improve the patient ‘ s heart function, control the condition and stop taking certain drugs that may increase the risk of anaesthesia.
The choice of anaesthesia and the implementation of anaesthesia, such as short-acting sedatives, painkillers, etc., have less impact on the heart.
In the course of the operation, the patient is subjected to electrocardiogram, cyclic monitoring, etc. to ensure the stability of vital signs.
Regional or local anesthesia is used to reduce the impact of the whole body anesthesia on the heart, as required by the operation.
Post-operative management provides special care for heart patients, including EK surveillance, circulatory surveillance, etc., and timely detection and treatment of issues such as cardiac disorders and myocardia.
(b) Strengthen pain and sedated management, help patients with pain and anxiety and promote post-operative recovery.
Prevent and treat complications and reduce the incidence of post-operative complications.
II. Anaesthesia risk and management of diabetes patients
The risk and challenge of anaesthesia is also relatively high when patients with diabetes undergo surgical treatment. The volatility of blood sugar levels, the risk of cardiovascular events and the suppression of immune functions may affect the safety of anaesthesia.
1. Anaesthesia risk
Blood sugar fluctuations: Anaesthesia and stress during surgery can lead to dramatic changes in blood sugar levels of diabetes patients, low or high blood sugar reactions, and even severe consequences such as comas and convulsions.
Cardiovascular events: Diabetes patients themselves are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, and anaesthesia can lead to adverse reactions such as blood pressure fluctuations and cardiac disorders, increasing the burden of disease.
Risk of infection: People with diabetes often suffer from inhibition of their immune function, with surgical trauma prone to infection and more difficult to heal after infection, and serious complications.
Management strategy
Pre-operative assessment and preparation of a comprehensive check-up of diabetes patients with regard to their blood sugar levels, pathology, medication, etc.
Controlling the patient ‘ s blood sugar level and keeping the blood sugar value within the appropriate range prior to surgery.
The patient is assessed for other diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, etc., in order to prevent and treat them accordingly.
The choice of anaesthesia and the implementation of the choice of anaesthesia with less effect on blood sugar, such as local anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, etc.
During the operation, patients ‘ blood sugar levels are closely monitored and insulin consumption adjusted in a timely manner to avoid blood sugar fluctuations.
Patients are subjected to electrocardial, cyclic monitoring, etc. to ensure the stability of vital signs.
Post-operative management continues to monitor patient blood sugar levels, adjust insulin usage and maintain blood sugar stability.
(b) Strengthen pain and sedated management, help patients with pain and anxiety and promote post-operative recovery.
Prevent and treat complications such as infection and reduce the incidence of post-operative complications.
Concluding remarks
Patients with heart disease and diabetes, as patients with specific diseases, may be at higher risk during anaesthesia. Through comprehensive pre-operative assessment and preparation, individualized anesthesia selection and implementation, and nuanced post-operative management, we can effectively reduce the risk of anaesthesia for these patients and ensure the safety and success of the operation. At the same time, communication and understanding between patients and patients are important factors in ensuring the safety of anaesthesia.
