Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children, which seriously affects their quality of life and healthy growth. The long-term management of children ‘ s asthma is essential, and effective management programmes can significantly control asthma symptoms, reduce the number of acute outbreaks and improve the quality of life of children suffering from it.
Children’s asthma differs from adult asthma in clinical performance and morbidity. Children ‘ s respiratory tracts are narrower, the immune system is not yet fully mature and is more susceptible to external factors that stimulate asthma. Common induction factors include viral infections, allergies (e.g. pollen, dust mites, pet hair), air pollution, sports, etc. Symptoms of children ‘ s asthma, which may increase at night or in the morning, are manifested mainly in asthma, coughing, agitation and chest suffocation.
1. Controlling symptoms. Long-term management can help to control asthma symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of outbreaks. Through regular treatment and management, a child can lead a normal life, participate in school activities and exercise. 2. The prevention of acute outbreaks may lead to severe respiratory difficulties and even endanger life. Long-term management can reduce the risk of acute onset and reduce the number of hospitalizations and medical costs. 3. Improvement of lung function Continued asthma can cause damage to the child ‘ s lung function. Effective long-term management protects pulmonary functions and reduces the occurrence of long-term complications. Children suffering from asthma and their families often face physical and psychological stress. Good long-term management improves the quality of life and reduces the burden on families.
1. Avoiding exposure to allergies 1. Identifying and avoiding exposure to allergies is an important component of asthma management. Allergies for children can be identified through allergies testing, followed by measures such as avoiding exposure to pets, using mites bedding and keeping indoor cleaning. Drug treatment (1) Control drugs are used mainly for the long-term control of asthma symptoms and to reduce the number of outbreaks. Common controlled substances include inhaled sugar cortex hormones, long-acting β2 receptor agonists, white tritrile regulators, etc. These drugs require regular and long-term use in order to achieve stable control of asthma. (2) Detoxification drugs are used for the rapid mitigation of asthma symptoms such as asthma, cough, etc. Common mitigating drugs have short-acting beta-2 receptor agonists, etc. In case of asthma attacks, palliative drugs should be used in a timely manner to mitigate symptoms. 3. Health education for sick children and their parents is key to long-term management. Education includes asthma causes, symptoms, treatment methods, self-management skills, etc. Through health education, sick children and parents can better understand asthma and improve treatment dependence. Regular follow-up is an important means of assessing asthma control and adjusting treatment programmes. The doctor adjusts the dosage and treatment programme to the symptoms of the child, the results of the lung function examination etc. It is generally recommended that follow-up visits be conducted every 1-3 months.
1. Symptoms control. The effectiveness of management programmes can be assessed by observing the frequency and severity of the symptoms of children ‘ s asthma, cough, agitation and breast suffocation. Management programmes are effective if symptoms are reduced in number and severity. Lung functional examination is an important indicator for assessing asthma control. Periodic pulmonary function checks provide information on changes in the pulmonary function of the infected child. Management programmes are effective if lung function indicators are improved. Reducing the number of acute outbreaks is one of the important objectives of long-term management. The effectiveness of the management programme is illustrated by the significant reduction in the number of acute outbreaks of children during the management period. Quality of life assessment. Quality of life of affected children can be assessed, including through questionnaires. Management programmes are effective if the quality of life of children is improved.
1. Access to treatment for children and parents is a key factor influencing the effectiveness of management programmes. The effectiveness of the management programme will be significantly compromised if sick children do not take their medication on time and follow up regularly. 2. Environmental factors. Allergies and irritations in the environment affect asthma control. If exposure to allergies is not effectively avoided, the effectiveness of management programmes may also be affected. 3. Combining diseases Some children may suffer from other diseases at the same time, such as allergies, sinusitis, etc. These combinations affect asthma control and require simultaneous treatment. 4. Psychological factors. Children suffering from asthma may have psychological problems such as anxiety and depression due to illness. These psychological problems affect the dependence and quality of life of treatment and require psychological intervention.
The long-term management programme for children’s asthma is an effective means of controlling asthma symptoms, preventing acute onset, improving lung function and improving the quality of life. Children ‘ s asthma can be effectively managed by avoiding exposure to allergies, regulating drug treatment, health education and regular follow-up. However, the effectiveness of management programmes is influenced by a number of factors, requiring concerted efforts by children, parents and doctors to improve the dependence of treatment, to create a good treatment environment and to deal in a timely manner with complications and psychological problems in order to ensure the effectiveness of management programmes.
