In our bodies, bacteria are like a group of invisible “small invaders”, sometimes causing disease and discomfort. Antibacterial drugs are our powerful weapon against these bacteria, which, through their unique mechanisms of action, are waging a “fight” in the microworld to protect our health. Today, let us all lift the veil of anti-bacterial mechanisms.
Cursing cell wall synthesis: breaking the bacteria’ “defensive fortress”
Cell walls of bacteria, like a strong defensive fortress, maintain the form of bacteria and protect bacteria from external osmosis, among other factors, which are essential for the survival of bacteria.
Some antibacterial drugs, such as penicillin and headgillin, target the synthesis process of bacterial cell walls. When bacteria construct cell walls, a series of specific enzymes are required. These antibacterial drugs can be accurately combined with these critical enzymes, as if they were “trapped” to prevent them from functioning properly.
When bacteria grow and split, new bacterial cells form like castles without solid walls, because of the lack of enzymes that work properly to synthesize the whole cell wall, and under the influence of oscillating pressure, they swell, crack and eventually kill bacteria. In this way, antibacterial drugs have effectively weakened the “defensive force” of bacteria.
Impacting cellular membrane penetration: “portal management” to disrupt bacteria
Cell membrane is an important barrier to bacterial cells, which control the entry and exit of substances, as is the castle’s portal, which strictly regulates what enters and leaves.
In this micro-combat, multi-mixer antibacterial drugs play the role of “spoilers”. They can be combined with specific components of the bacterial membrane, and if they are successfully integrated, they can disrupt the system of “portal management” of the membrane, which is already organized.
Originally, the membranes were able to regulate the movement of substances, but now they are in disarray, and substances begin to enter and enter bacterial cells without control. This has led to a large loss of important materials within bacterial cells, and at the same time a large influx of external harmful substances may result in bacteria not being able to maintain normal physiological functions and eventually to extinction.
Interference with protein synthesis: “workshops” for paralysis of bacteria
For bacteria, proteins are like “parts and components” that sustain their operation, and for bacteria to develop, reproduce, etc., the synthesis of proteins is essential. The nuclei in bacteria are “workshops” for synthetic proteins.
Antibacterial drugs such as amino-sugar, tetracycline and large cycline esters point the spear at this “production workshop” of bacteria. In the case of amino sugar, for example, they are combined with specific parts of the bacterial nuclei that interfere with the normal functioning of the nuclei in the synthesis of proteins.
It is as if, in a car production workshop, the parts produced were deliberately disrupted, making them either deformed, inoperable or simply unable to continue. Similarly, as a result of the disturbance of the nucleus, the synthetic proteins are either not functioning properly or cannot be synthesized, resulting in the normal functioning of the various life activities of the bacteria and ultimately “defeating”.
Inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis: cutting off the “genetic lifeline” of bacteria
The nucleic acid (including DNA and RNA) is a genetic material of bacteria that controls vital links in the transmission and reproduction of bacteria’ genetic information, such as the “genetic lifeline” of bacteria.
Antibacterial drugs such as quinone and lephopin focus on inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria. Quinonone-type drugs can inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA rotor enzymes, which are essential for the reproduction and transfer of DNA. When its activity is inhibited, the reproduction and transfer of DNA is hampered, and bacteria are unable to accurately transmit and reproduce their genetic information and to properly reproduce their offspring.
Lifoping, for its part, has a major effect on RNA polymerase and interferes with RNA synthesis. In these ways, anti-bacterial drugs cut off the “genetic lifeline” of bacteria, making it geneticly unsustainable and, consequently, rooting out bacteria.
It is through these wonderful mechanisms that anti-bacterial drugs are relentlessly fighting bacteria in the microworld to protect our health. But we also need to understand that anti-bacterial drugs must be used rationally, otherwise they will not only affect their efficacy, but may also lead to the emergence of bacterial resistance, which will eventually deprive us of these powerful weapons in the face of bacterial infection. So let us properly recognize and use antibacterial drugs and work together to preserve our health.
