In modern medicine, anti-infection drugs are a powerful weapon against microbial infections such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. These drugs play a vital role in treating infectious diseases and saving lives. This paper will provide detailed information on the types of anti-infection drugs, their mechanisms of operation, their rational use and common error zones in order to raise public awareness in this area.
Types of anti-infection drugs
Anti-infection drugs are divided into three main categories: antibiotics, antivirals and anti-fluents.
1. Antibiotics
Antibiotics are a class of drugs that can suppress or kill bacteria, which can be naturally produced or synthetic. Depending on the mechanism of action, antibiotics can be classified as follows:
• Beta-neamide: This includes penicillin and sepsis, which function by destroying the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
• Amino sugar slurry, such as Quintacolin and Cycin, which kills bacteria mainly by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial proteins.
• Large ringed esters, such as erythroacin and achicin, which inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins.
• Tetracyclics: for example, tetracyclics and strong carcinin, which also function by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins.
Antivirals
Antiviral drugs are specific to viruses, which inhibit their activity by interfering with different stages of their reproduction. Common antiviral drugs include:
• Nuclear analogues, such as Azelove, for treatment of herpes virus infections.
Protein enzyme inhibitors: e.g., Lopinavi/Litonave, for the treatment of HIV infections.
Anti-foul medicine
Anti-facterial drugs are used to treat fungal infections, which function by destroying the fungal cell membrane or inhibiting its growth. Common anti-fist drugs include:
• Americium: e.g. fluorine and Icraconol, which function by inhibiting the synthesis of fungal cell membranes.
Polyolene: e.g., sexcin B, which destroys the cell membrane by combining it with fungal cell membranes.
Mechanisms for the functioning of anti-infection drugs
Anti-infection drugs play a variety of mechanisms, including:
• Suppression of cytowall synthesis: for example, β-neamide antibiotics, which, by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cytowalls, cause bacteria to die during growth.
• Interference with protein synthesis: e.g. amino sugar slurry and macrocyclic ester antibiotics, which inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the protein synthesis of bacteria.
• Suppression of nucleic acid synthesis: Some anti-viral drugs discourage the replicability of the virus by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis of the virus.
• Disruption of cellular membrane: Anti-fouling drugs such as polyolefin function by destroying fungal membrane.
Reasonable use of anti-infection drugs
Rational use of anti-infection drugs is key to ensuring treatment effectiveness and reducing drug resistance. The following are some basic principles:
• Precise diagnosis: Prior to the use of anti-infection drugs, as far as possible, precise diagnosis, including bacterial development and drug sensitivity testing, should be carried out to select the most appropriate drug.
• Dose and course of treatment: use of anti-infective drugs strictly in accordance with medical instructions, and do not increase or reduce the dose or stop the drug.
• Avoiding abuse: Refraining from the random use of anti-infection drugs, especially antibiotics, to reduce drug resistance.
Common error zones and rumours
There are some common misconceptions and rumours about the use of anti-infection drugs:
• Mistake One: Antibiotics are a panacea
Many wrongly believe that antibiotics can treat all types of infection, including those caused by the virus. In practice, antibiotics are effective only for bacteria and not for viruses.
• Mistake two: the greater the dose of antibiotics, the better
Antibiotic doses are not as high as possible, and excessive use of antibiotics can lead to increased resistance and unnecessary side effects.
• Misdirection III: Self-deposition or replacement of drugs
Some people stop their own medications after symptoms have eased or change them without medical guidance, which can lead to treatment failure and drug resistance.
• Mistake IV: Anti-infection drugs prevent infection
Anti-infection drugs cannot prevent infection and are used only after infection has occurred. Prevention of infection should rely on good hygiene practices and vaccination.
Concluding remarks
Anti-infection drugs are an essential part of modern medicine and play an irreplaceable role in the treatment of infectious diseases. Unreasonable use, however, leads to increased drug resistance and threatens public health security. Understanding the types of anti-infection drugs, their mechanisms of impact and the principles of rational use are therefore essential to improving the effectiveness of treatment and protecting the health of individuals. At the same time, correcting common misconceptions and rumours about anti-infection drugs is an important part of improving public health. Let us work together to rationalize the use of anti-infection drugs to protect ourselves and the health of others.
