Antibacterial resistance: a global challenge

Faced with the global challenge of drug resistance, scientists are exploring innovative strategies to address the crisis. Antibacterial drug resistance (AMR) has become a major global public health challenge. As bacteria gradually develop their resistance to existing drugs, the detection of new antibiotics is becoming less and the effectiveness of existing antibiotics is diminishing. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that around 1.27 million people worldwide died of drug-resistant infections in 2019, and it is expected that by 2050, the number of deaths from drug-resistant infections could be as high as 10 million per year. New solutions: Five strategies: Artificial Intelligence (AI) accelerates the discovery of new antibiotics: AI technology is used to accelerate the discovery of new antibiotics. By analysing large amounts of data, AI can help scientists quickly identify compounds with potential antibacterial activity. 2. Development of narrow-spectral antibiotics using natural products: Researchers are using micro-organisms and plant extracts in nature to develop narrow-spectral antibiotics for specific bacteria that can target drug-resistant bacteria more precisely and reduce the impact on normal strains. 3. Exploration of combination therapies: Combination therapy is used to counter bacteria through the simultaneous use of multiple drugs, which not only enhances antibacterial effects but also prevents bacteria from producing resistance to any drug. For example, some compounds can interfere with the biological membranes of bacteria, making it easier for antibiotics or immunocells to kill bacteria. 4. Immunization regulation reduces the use of antibiotics: researchers are exploring ways to slow the spread of drug resistance by regulating human immune systems. For example, the demand for antibiotics is reduced by enhancing the osmosis of white cells. 5. Upgrading diagnostic techniques for rapid identification of infectious pathogens and drug resistance: Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce the use of antibiotics and slow the evolution of resistance. New diagnostic techniques can produce diagnostic results from blood samples within minutes and provide antibiotic resistance analysis. In addition to the five above-mentioned strategies, other innovative approaches are being explored: 1. Electro-stimulation therapy: research shows that micro-electric currents can effectively inhibit bacterial growth as a drug-free alternative. 2. Bacteria therapy: The fungi and its coded internal soluble enzymes can target resistant bacteria in a targeted manner without affecting normal strains. Anti-biofilm drugs: develop drugs capable of destroying bacterial biofilms to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. Bountiful bacteria and nanomaterials: use of non-traditional methods such as fungi and nanomaterials to counter drug-resistant bacteria. 5. Vaccines and antibody therapy: development of vaccines to prevent bacterial infections and use of antibody therapy to directly target drug-resistant bacteria. It was concluded that resistance to anti-bacterial drugs was a complex and urgent problem that required a combination of strategies. These innovative efforts by researchers are expected not only to slow the spread of resistance, but also to usher in a new era of antibiotic discovery that will allow humans to regain the upper hand in competitions with microorganisms and provide us with new ideas and tools to counter resistance to anti-bacterial drugs. The broad collaboration of the global scientific community and the substantial investment of resources are key to achieving this goal. Through these new solutions, we can look forward to more effective future management of anti-bacterial drug resistance to protect global public health security.