Antibacterial treatment for acute oscillitis
Introduction
As a high-prevalence upper-respiratory disease, acute oscillitis is on the rise every year, causing many problems to the lives and health of patients. In the course of their treatment, the rational application of anti-bacterial drugs is a key element in the control of the condition and the promotion of rehabilitation, which deserves to be explored in depth.
II. Physiological and antibacterial principles for acute oscillitis
(i) Pathology of acute oscillitis
Acute oscillitis is usually caused by viruses or bacterial infections, and when human immunity is reduced, pathogens attack the mucous membranes of the oscillations, triggering a series of inflammatory responses. Virus infections can undermine normal defence mechanisms for mucous membranes and create conditions for bacteria to breed. After bacterial infections, toxins can be released, resulting in adhesive mucous membranes, oedema and increased lymphocyte filtration, which in turn causes symptoms such as pain in the stomach, dryness, fever and so forth, which can affect ingestion and respiratory function in serious cases.
(ii) Principles of anti-bacterial application
Antibacterial drugs inhibit or kill bacteria by interfering with the biological metabolic process of bacteria. For acute oscillitis, the impact targets of antibacterial drugs include bacterial cellular wall synthesis, protein synthesis, nucleic acid metabolism, etc. For example, β-Imamic antibacterial drugs inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, which causes bacteria to break up under osmosis pressure; antibacterial drugs in the Great Ring esters act on bacterial nuclei, hinder protein synthesis and thus inhibit bacterial growth and reproduction. The rational use of anti-bacterial drugs reduces the number of bacterium in the stomach, reduces the inflammatory response and reduces the symptoms of patients.
III. Adaptive and taboo certificates for antibacterial treatment
(i) Adaptation certificates
Antibacterial drugs are usually required when acutely affected by the disease: One is the severity of the condition, such as the acute pain in the stomach and the high assessment of pain (the use of visual simulations, etc.), which seriously affects the oscillation and speech; the second is the high heat associated with a temperature of more than 38.5°C, which lasts longer; the third is the fact that regular blood tests show a significant increase in the total number of white cells and in the proportion of neutral particles, suggesting a high risk of bacterial infection; and the other is that larvae tests reveal an auscinant seepage. In addition, the early use of antibacterial drugs should be considered, even if the symptoms are relatively minor, in cases where the patient has a low immune function, such as diabetes mellitus, chronic use of immunosuppressants, etc.
(ii) Denunciation
Allergy to some anti-bacterial drug is an absolute taboo. For example, penicillin-sensitive patients cannot use penicillin-type antibacterial drugs because they can cause serious allergies, such as allergic shock, which endangers life. In addition, among pregnant and lactating women, the use of antibacterial drugs requires caution, and certain antibacterial drugs may affect the health of the foetus or infant through placenta or milk, and appropriate drugs or adapted treatments should be selected according to the level of safety of the drug.
IV. Selection and characteristics of commonly used antibacterial drugs
(i) Penicillin
penicillin G is one of the classic drugs for acute oscillitis, with special effects on common pathogens such as soluble streptococcus. However, as they are not acid-resistant and are prone to gastric acid damage, intra- and intravenous dripping is used more frequently. Amosilin is a semi-synthetic penicillin that has oral acid resistance, a wide spectrum of antibacterial resistance, a good antibacterial activity for common pathogens of acute oscillitis, and a good gastrointestinal intake that can achieve an effective therapeutic concentration in the osteal tissue. However, a leather test must be performed prior to the use of penicillin to ensure that the patient is not allergic.
(ii) Capricorns
The development of drug-like sepsis has been rapid, from the first to the fourth generation, and the antibacterial spectroscopy has been expanding, with characteristics for the antibacterial activity of the Gerang positive and the Gerang cactus. For acute oscillitis, second-generation septoxin (e.g., hairfroscin) and third-generation septoxin (e.g., headcarpone ester) are more used. They have a better antibacterial effect on the common bacterium at the throat and have a lower prevalence of allergies compared to penicillin. Drugs such as sepsis can be anti-bacterial by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cytowalls and are widely distributed in the body and can effectively reach the osteoporosis tissue.
(iii) Large ringed esters
Large ring esters, such as Archicin, Kracin, etc., apply to patients who are allergic to penicillin. Archiccin has unique pharmacological characteristics, with strong tissue penetration and high and long-term drug concentrations in the abdominal tissue. It is given in a flexible manner and can be treated with short treatment (e.g. 3-5 days), which reduces the burden on patients. Clacin has a high level of antibacterial activity, rapid oral absorption and relatively low adverse effects, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, for the gland positive and some gland cactus.
(iv) Fluorinated phenolone
fluorophenone-type drugs (e.g., left-oxen fluorine salsa) also have a place in acute oscillation treatment, especially for patients with other antibacterial drugs or with taboos. It prevents bacteria from replicating DNA by inhibiting bacteria, DNA, rotor enzymes and amphibious enzymes IV, and has a wide spectrum of antibacterials, which have better antibacterial effects on gland positives and gland vaginal bacteria. However, as they may affect the child ‘ s cartilage development, they are not generally used for patients under 18 years of age.
V. The treatment of antibacterial drugs and the evaluation of their efficacy
(i) Treatment
The course of treatment for acute oscillitis with antibacterial drugs is generally 7-10 days. For patients with mild medical conditions and who are well treated, the treatment can be reduced appropriately, but not for less than five days. A sufficient course of treatment would ensure the complete removal of the ingest bacteria and prevent repetition. If there is insufficient treatment, bacteria may not be completely eliminated, lead to re-emergence of infection and may even cause bacterial resistance.
(ii) Assessment of efficacy
The efficacy assessment should take into account the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs and laboratory results. In the course of treatment, it should be observed whether the pain in the stomach, fever, etc. of the patient is mitigated and if the function of swallowing is restored. Medical check-ups should be made to see if the stomach is filled with blood, if the oedema is reduced, if the lymphocytes are reduced and if the septics disappear. In the area of laboratory examinations, blood routines are reviewed to see if the total number of white cells and the proportion of neutral particles have returned to normal. If the treatment is effective, the patient ‘ s symptoms and signs are gradually improving and there is generally a marked improvement after treatment of 3-5 days.
VI. The adverse effects of antibacterial treatment and preventive measures
(i) Negative effects
Different types of antibacterial drugs have different adverse effects. The most serious adverse effects of penicillin-type drugs are allergies, including rashes, itching, allergies, etc. Drugs such as sepsis can also be allergic, and some patients may have gastrointestinal responses such as diarrhoea and nausea. The most common adverse effects of the substance are gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, with a small number of patients likely to have abnormal liver function. fluorophenone-type drugs may cause gastrointestinal reaction, central nervous system symptoms (e.g. headaches, dizziness) and may also affect cartilage development.
(ii) Preventive measures
Before using anti-bacterial drugs, the patient is asked in detail about his or her allergies and his or her history of use, and for patients with allergy history, the antibacterials are carefully selected and the necessary allergies are tested. In the course of treatment, the patient is informed of possible adverse reactions and is instructed to inform the doctor in a timely manner if the patient is unwell. At the same time, the drug dosage is reasonably adjusted to the age, weight and condition of the patient to avoid the abuse of antibacterial drugs and to reduce the incidence of adverse effects. For patients with long-term use of antibacterial drugs, laboratory examinations, such as liver function, kidney function, etc., are regularly conducted to monitor the physical effects of the drug.
In general, antibacterial treatment for acute oscillitis requires a combination of factors such as the patient ‘ s condition, the type of pathogen, the characteristics of the drug, strict control of adaptive and taboo certificates, reasonable choice of antibacterial drugs, and attention to treatment processes, efficacy evaluation, adverse reactions, etc., to improve the effectiveness of treatment and safeguard the health of the patient.
