Antibacterials of polymixin: correct use, addressing resistance challenges

In today’s situation of increasing bacterial resistance, attention is increasingly being paid to the use of multi-mixin antibacterials as a “last line of defence” against multi-drug-resistant gerontella. However, due to their specific characteristics and potential risks, a proper understanding of the daily use and care of antibacterials of polymixin is particularly critical.I. Types and characteristics of antibacterials of polymixinThe main types of polymixin include polymixer B and polymixer E (mixer). By combining phosphorus in bacterial membranes, such drugs destroy the integrity of the membranes and cause the in-cell substance to leak, thereby contributing to the fungicide. They have a strong antibacterial activity for most of the gland cactus, such as the Bowman non-morbid, the Bronze characterium and the intestinal bacteria, especially for the treatment of severe infections caused by these multiple resistance strains.II. Daily usage(i) Type and mode of useInjective preparations: Polymixin B sulfate injection fluids and sodium sulfate injection fluids are usually intravenous dripping in hospitals by medical professionals. The usual dose of polymixin B is typically 1.5 – 2.5 mg/kg bw/day, with 2 – 3 doses given; the dose of sodium sulfate is relatively complex and needs to be adjusted for the patient ‘ s acetic anhydride removal rate, usually 2.5 – 5 mg/kg bw/day (based on the mucus matrix), with 2 – 3 intravenous drips. An intravenous drip should be strictly controlled to avoid an adverse reaction at an excessive speed, usually for not less than one hour.Inhalants: Inhalants may be used for a number of respiratory infections, especially cystic fibrosis, when co-infection with the pulmonary pulmonary of the Bronze Pyramid Monopoly. For example, multi-mixer E inhaled powder aerosols, which are used for inhalation by suitable inhalation mechanisms, and the specific dose and frequency of use are to be determined by a doctor on the basis of the medical condition, usually 1-2 times a day, each time a certain dose of drug powder is inhaled to directly affect an infected part of the lung, increase local drug concentrations, enhance antibacterial effects and reduce systemic adverse effects.Local exterior formulation: Polymactin B ointment can be used for local skin infections, such as burns, post-traumatic facial infections, etc. Equivalent ointments are evenly applied to the infestation, 2-3 times a day, with light massages to absorb.(ii) Medical treatmentThe course of treatment of antibacterials of polymixin depends on the severity of the infection, the type of pathogens and the clinical response of the patient. In general, for mild to moderate infections, the course of treatment may be 7 to 14 days, while for severe infections, such as hospital access to sexually transmitted pneumonia, haemorrhagic infections, it may be extended to 14 to 28 days or more. In the course of treatment, doctors closely monitor the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs, laboratory results (e.g., blood protocol, blood culture, inflammation indicators, etc.) in order to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to adjust the treatment to the actual situation. A slight improvement in the symptoms should not lead to a self-detoxification to avoid re-emergence of the infection or to a bacterial resistance.III. NOTES(i) Renal toxicityThe most significant adverse reaction of Pygilactin-type drugs is renal toxicity. Before medication is used, the kidney function of the patient should be assessed, including the detection of indicators such as serum acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen and acetic anhydride removal rates. The kidney function is regularly reviewed during the use of the drug, usually at least one or two times a week. The doctor may adjust the dosage or suspend the medication if the kidney function is impaired, such as increased serocelline acetic anhydride, reduced urine and protein urine. At the same time, co-location with other renal toxic substances, such as amino-cluene antibiotics, pycin B etc., should be avoided in order to reduce the risk of renal toxicity. In the case of patients with incomplete kidneys, special care is required in the use of PMOs, and it may be necessary to adjust the dose to the level of renal reduction or to choose other alternatives.(ii) NeurotoxicityNeurotoxicity is also one of the possible adverse effects of PMOs, including dizziness, facial numbness, numbness of hand and foot, hysteria, sound, hearing loss, etc., which can be characterized by confusion, convulsions, respiratory inhibition, etc. In the course of the medication, the doctor should be informed of the above-mentioned neurotic symptoms. The risk of neurotoxicity may increase for older persons, patients with a neurological disease base or who use other substances that may affect the nervous system at the same time, and monitoring needs to be strengthened.(iii) Drug interactionPolyglucose-type drugs interact with polydrugs. For example, co-use with muscular laxants may enhance muscle laxity, leading to respiratory weakness or even paraplegicness, thus prohibiting use with muscular laxants; co-use with antibiotics, such as head phylloxins and carbon methacne, may increase the risk of renal toxicity and require close monitoring of kidney function; co-use with aminocyte antibiotics generally does not recommend joint use unless there are special clinical indications and they are closely monitored. Prior to the use of a multi-mixer-type drug, doctors should be informed in detail of all drugs being used by patients, including prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs, health care products, etc., so that doctors can assess the interaction of drugs and develop rational drug use programmes.(iv) Drugs for special groupsPregnant and lactating women: The safety of polymactactivist drugs in pregnant women is not clear and is not generally recommended for use during pregnancy, unless there is a clear clinical need and the benefits are considered to be greater than the disadvantages when weighed by doctors. In the case of breast-feeding women who use multi-mixer-like drugs, the drugs may enter the milk, with potential effects on the baby, so that breastfeeding should be suspended for the duration of the drug.Children: In the case of the use of PMCs in children, a precise dose is calculated on the basis of weight and the adverse effects of the drug are closely observed. Monitoring during the use of drugs is even more important because the kidney function and the nervous system of children are not yet fully developed and are more vulnerable to the effects of renal and neurotoxicity of drugs.Older persons: Declining liver and kidney function of older persons, reduced drug metabolism and excretion capacity, and higher risk of adverse reaction when using PMOs. In the course of drug use, monitoring of the kidney function of older persons, symptoms of the nervous system, etc., should be strengthened and, if necessary, appropriate doses adjusted.Monitoring and follow-upIn addition to regular laboratory examinations of kidney function, blood protocol, etc., during the use of antibacterials of polymixin, the clinical symptoms and signs of the patient should be closely observed. Patients should actively cooperate with the doctor ‘ s follow-up arrangements and provide timely feedback on any discomfort with the medication. Based on the results of the monitoring and the overall situation of the patient, the doctor will make a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the treatment, adjust the treatment programme in a timely manner and ensure the effectiveness and safety of the treatment.Polymactactivist antibacterials are important in the fight against multi-drug-resistant gebrane cactus infections, but due to their potential adverse effects and the risk of drug interaction, they must be used properly and under the strict guidance of a doctor. Patients and health-care personnel should be fully aware of their special characteristics and should strengthen monitoring and management of drug use in order to maximize its anti-bacterial effects, while ensuring the safety of patients.