Antibiotic use and infection control of diseases in the digestive system
In modern medicine, diseases of the digestive system are numerous and complex, and antibiotics play an important role in their treatment. However, the irrational use of antibiotics exacerbates the problem of bacterial resistance and affects the efficacy of treatment and patient prognosis, so it is important to regulate the use of antibiotics and strengthen infection control.
I. Anatomy of the digestive system and susceptibility to infection
The digestive system consists of digestive tracts (oral, stomach, intestines, large intestines, etc.) and digestive glands (hepatic, pancreas, etc.), with wide-ranging physiological characteristics, providing a variety of “hotbeds” for the growth of pathogens. The mouth is warm and wet, rich in food residues, prone to infections such as streptocococcus, anaerobics, etc., causing cartilitis, etc.; cuisine virulent revegetation, which is susceptible to infection when the mucous membrane is damaged, e.g., gastric acid inflammation, intestinal morbid displacement; stomach acid inhibition of most bacteria, and urea-forming of urea by urea enzymes, where urea and gastric acid are established, which is the result of diarrhea, ulcosis, etc.; small intestine digestion of the main absorption force, impairment of the intestinal mucular barrier, e.g., enema, intestinal fungi, and intestinal fungus; and cologal septicism, which causes diarrhoea and intestinal in the event of disease.
II. Relationship of common digestive system diseases to bacteria
1. Gastrointestinal tract infections: Acute bacterial gastrointestinal inflammation is mostly caused by salmonella (from unclean meat, eggs), Shigaella (transmitted through faeces, high hair in ill-healthed areas), coliform (intestine toxin-type causing water laxes, invasive sepsis) etc. In the summer, sudden outbreaks of food deterioration are common, in the form of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and dehydration shock among the severely affected.
2. Infections of the liver cholesterol system: cholesterol, cholesterol, crumbs, cholesterol, cholesterol, cholesterol, cholesterol, cholesterol, right upper abdominal pain, heat, yellow stupor are typical symptoms; bacteric hemorrhagic hemorrhages tend to result in cystal infections, movement of whole-body infections, glucella, anaerobic bacteria, etc., are often associated with intestinal bacteria that reproduce in the liver, form swollen and threaten life.
3. Cervical infections: A combination of infections from gastrointestinal perforation, post-operative cavity leaks, e.g. coliforma, Vulnerable Bacillus, i.e. amplitis, abdominal sepsis, severe abdominal abdominal pain, abdominal stress, heat, severe gastrointestinal disruption and sepsis.
Principles for the use of antibiotics
1. Specific indications: Determination of the existence of the infection on the basis of symptoms, signs, laboratory tests (upgrades of blood-conventional white cells and melanoid cells, increase in reaction proteins by C), image (indications of abscess, inflammation of inflammations), pathogens (information of pathogenic bacteria) and avoidance of the use of antibiotics based solely on experience, such as non-bacter-infected diarrhoea (virus, parasite).
2. Precision drugs: drug selection based on pathogen type, sensitivity results, empirical drug reference to local and hospital resistance profiles, e.g., community access to sexual abdominal infections, consideration of gelatin and anaerobic bacteria, co-polymeric enzymes; hospital access to sexually transmitted infections, use of high-impact drugs such as carbon colymoxane, subject to treatment for drug sensitivity.
3. A reasonable dose course: a full dose to ensure fungicide, an overdose of low-inducing resistance, e.g., treatment of cholesterol, Amosilin and Cracin at the standard dose level; treatment, depending on the condition, from acute infections to the disappearance of symptoms, from 3-5 days after normal laboratory indicators, 10 – 14 days for re-emergence.
IV. MEDICAL CONSIDERATION OF SPECIAL GROUPS
1. Older persons: reduced liver and kidney function, weak immune capacity, discretionary dose of medication, monitoring of liver and kidney prophylactics, selection of small kidney-toxic substances, such as thorium-adjusted dosages for insufficiency of kidneys, and prevention of accumulation poisoning.
2. Children: In the growth and development process, the drug metabolic enzyme system is imperfect, avoiding the use of liver and kidney toxicity, and of skeletal developmental drugs (e.g., tetracyclics) and the use of good tastes and easy to take agents, measured by weight and age.
3. Pregnant women: safe for mothers and children, protection from malformative drugs (e.g., aminocine slurry-like foetal hearing disorders) during the early stages of pregnancy, with the choice of penicillin and head slurry-type relative safety drugs, with a balance of pros and cons.
V. ENERGY CONTROL STRATEGY
1. Manual hygiene and isolation: hand-washing, hand-sterilizers, protection against cross-infection; isolation of infected patients (especially infectious diarrhoea, drug-resistant infections), single-spaced or concentrated, marking alerts, restrictions on visits and disruption of transmission.
2. Environmental cleanliness: periodic cleaning of wards, disinfection table (bed bars, doorknobs), medical devices (conservative intestinal prosthesis, anti-medical transmission), regulation of the treatment of medical waste, use of chlorine-containing disinfectants to ensure disinfection.
3. Management of anti-bacterial drugs: establishment of management teams, development of catalogues, graded access, monitoring of use, drug resistance, periodic evaluation, training of health care, raising awareness of rational use and curbing the spread of drug resistance.
VI. Outlook
In the future, with the development of precision medicine, the use of antibiotics based on individual genes, bacterial strains and the accuracy of the characteristics of the infection can take time; the development of new antibiotics to focus on resistance to the problem; the breakdown of the digestive system; and multidisciplinary collaboration to strengthen the prevention and control of infection and to improve the patient ‘ s outcome. At the moment, strict antibiotic use norms, the establishment of infection control lines and the safeguarding of the health of the digestive system are the cornerstones of continuous medical progress.
All-body antibiotics, no finger.
