I. The importance of rehabilitation units in modern medicine has become increasingly important. Patients in rehabilitation departments often have complex conditions, and infection is one of the major factors influencing the rehabilitation process. The use of antibiotics as a powerful weapon against infection has unique characteristics and requirements in the rehabilitation section. Proper and rational use of antibiotics is essential to improve rehabilitation effectiveness, reduce complications and avoid the production of drug-resistant bacteria.
II. Characteristics of patients in rehabilitation and risk of infection These patients often have the following factors that increase the risk of infection: Physical impairments can lead to long-term bed rest, which can trigger fallout of pneumonia; difficulties in swallowing increase the risk of inhalation pneumonia. Patients with spinal cord damage may experience repeated infections of the urinary system due to bladder dysfunction. – Declining immunity: chronic illness, malnutrition and access to surgery or intrusive treatment can reduce the immune capacity of patients. For example, post-breeding patients, surgical trauma and long-term post-operative brakes can reduce the body ‘ s defensive capacity, making bacteria more vulnerable to intrusion and infection. – Factors related to medical intervention: Various intrusive operations may be involved in the rehabilitation process, such as urine conductor, bronchial cut-off, central intravenous tube, etc. These operations destroyed the natural defences of the human body and created conditions for bacteria to enter the body. In the case of a patient with a bronchial cut, the respiratory tract is directly connected to the outside world and bacteria can easily enter the lower respiratory tract and cause lung infections.
III. Types of infection common to rehabilitation and pathogen – lung: one of the most common types of infection in rehabilitation. Common pathogens include gland vaginal bacterium (e.g., Bronze Green Sphinx, Chreber Pneumonia), Gland positive pneumococcus (e.g., Golden Pluccus) and fungi (e.g., white pyromoccus). Long-term use of antibiotics, sugar cortex hormones and people with chronic underlying diseases are more likely to have fungi infections. – Infection of the urinary system: the main pathogens are intestinal echella, intestinal fungi, etc. The introduction of urine is an important risk factor for infections in the urinary system, and patients with long-term holding of a catheter can enter the urinary and bladders and cause infection by bacteria following the catheter. – Skin and soft tissue infections: most are found in long-term bed rest, scabies or open wounds. Pneumococcus and streptococcus are common pathogens that can cause bruises and sepsis and seriously affect the rehabilitation process.
IV. Basic principles for the use of antibiotics in rehabilitation services – clear diagnosis: the pathogens infected should be identified as far as possible before using antibiotics. This can be achieved through clinical symptoms, signs, laboratory tests (e.g. blood routines, C reaction proteins, calcium calcium reduction) and microbiological culture and drug sensitivity trials. For example, in cases of heat, cough and cough, saplings should be collected and nurtured in time to determine whether and what bacterial infections exist. – Selection of suitable antibiotics: The selection of suitable antibiotics is based on the type of pathogens, their sensitivity and the individual circumstances of the patient (e.g. age, liver and kidney function, allergies, etc.). Antibiotics such as capisculin and quinone can be used for glucose cactus infections, and special antibiotics such as vancin and linazine are used for methoxysilin-yellen fungus (MRSA) infections. At the same time, consideration should be given to the adverse effects of drugs, such as amino-clucose antibiotics, which may be harmful to kidney function and hearing, and to the need to avoid abuse in cases of incomplete kidney functioning or elderly patients. – A reasonable dose and course of treatment: the dose of antibiotics should be determined on the basis of the patient ‘ s weight, age, severity, etc. Inadequate doses can lead to treatment failure, while overdose increases the risk of adverse effects. The treatment should also be appropriate and, generally speaking, for acute infections, the use of antibiotics will continue for some time after the symptoms have disappeared, body temperature normal and laboratory screening indicators have returned to normal, in order to completely remove pathogens. However, for rehabilitation patients who use antibiotics on a long-term basis, it is important to be vigilant about the occurrence of double-infection and to avoid unnecessary extension of treatment.
V. Special circumstances and care in the use of antibiotics – preventive drugs: In some cases, patients in rehabilitation can use antibiotics preventively. For example, for patients following a major operation, antibiotics can be given shortly before the surgery to prevent oral infections. However, preventive medicines should be strictly adapted to avoid abuse. For patients who have long-term urea catheters, the routine preventive use of antibiotics is not recommended, but the care and replacement of the catheters should be focused. – Co-medicine: In the case of some complex infections or serious infections of unknown pathogens, the joint use of antibiotics may be required. Joint use can expand antibacterial spectrometry and enhance antibacterial effects, but also increases the risk of adverse reactions and medical costs. For example, in the case of severe lung infections, co-use of head sepsis and mnitroazole can be used when co-infection is suspected. In the joint use, care should be taken of the interaction of the drug, for example, that some antibiotics may affect the metabolic of other drugs in the body. – Treatment of drug-resistant infections: With the widespread use of antibiotics, the number of drug-resistant infections is increasing in rehabilitation units. For drug-resistant infections, strict infection control measures should be taken, such as isolation of patients and enhanced environmental disinfection. At the same time, the choice of effective antibiotics based on drug sensitivity results may require the use of new types of antibiotics or the joint use of multiple drugs for multiple resistance infections.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Antibiotic Use – Clinical Symptoms and Characteristics Monitoring: In the use of Antibiotics, clinical signs and signs changes in patients are closely observed. In the case of fever patients, the temperature decreases, coughs are reduced and bruises are reduced. If treatment is not effective, the reasons should be analysed in a timely manner to consider the need to adjust treatment programmes.
Laboratory indicator monitoring: Laboratory indicators such as blood routines, C Reacting Protein, calcium calcium, etc., are regularly reviewed and can reflect infection control. At the same time, the liver and kidney function is monitored for patients with liver and renal toxicity and the adverse effects of drugs are detected and treated in a timely manner. – Microbiological monitoring: for patients treated with antibiotics, microbial culture should be periodically reviewed.
