Gastrointestinal tumours are one of the malignant tumours common in the digestive system, and their morbidity and mortality rates are high globally. The rational use of antibiotics during the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal tumours in order to reduce the risk of SSI is a matter of concern to both clinical doctors and patients. The principles, strategies and care for the application of antibiotics during gastrointestinal tumours are discussed in detail.
Background and necessity for antibiotics applications
The development of gastrointestinal tumours is a long and complex process, ranging from normal mucous membranes to mild and non-typical growth, to severe, and eventually to early and progressive cancer. In this process, the immune function of patients tends to decline gradually, increasing the risk of surgical infections. In addition, there is a potential for bacterial contamination of the gastrointestinal tracts themselves, especially in the colonic rectum, where the risk of bacterial contamination is higher. Therefore, the rational application of antibiotics during gastrointestinal tumours is important for the prevention of the infection in the surgery.
Principles for antibiotic applications
1. Antibiotic applications for bacterial infections: The application of antibiotics shall be based on the existence or high suspicion of bacterial infections. During gastrointestinal tumour surgery, special attention should be paid to bacterial contamination in the surgical field and to the selection of antibiotics based on the type of pathogenic microorganisms and the results of sensitive bacterial drug tests. 2. Selecting antibiotics according to their drug characteristics: The choice of antibiotics should take into account their antibacterial characteristics and their process in the body. For example, in the case of gastrointestinal surgery, antibiotics sensitive to common intestinal pathogens should be selected and effective blood drug concentrations should be maintained during the operation. 3. Comprehensive identification of antibiotics applications: Applications of antibiotics should be based on the patient ‘ s specific circumstances, type of operation, duration of operation and post-operative recovery. In general, intravenous antibiotics are recommended before the operation begins (anaesthesia induction period) to ensure that sufficient levels of antibiotics are maintained in the field during the operation.
III. Antibiotic application strategies
1. Application of prophylactic antibiotics: gastrointestinal tumour surgery is a clean-polluting operation and the application of prophylactic antibiotics is necessary. Clinical practice has shown that the use of preventive antibiotics can significantly reduce the incidence of SSI. However, the time and duration of use of antibiotics should be reasonably controlled to avoid unnecessary extension. Time of use: Preventive antibiotics should be intravenously injected before the operation begins (anesthesia induction period) to ensure that sufficient concentrations of antibiotics are maintained in the field during the operation. If the operation lasted more than three hours or the blood loss exceeded 1,500 ml, a dose should be added. Duration: The use of preventive antibiotics should be as short as possible and the general recommendation should not exceed 24 hours. Long-term use of antibiotics not only does not further reduce infection rates, but may instead increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions and drug-resistant strains. 2. Choice of antibiotics: For tumour surgery in the gastrointestinal tract, the first and second-generation antibiotics are the first and second-generation fungus, as they are sensitive to common intestinal pathogens and are easy to use. If the operation involves a lower digestive tract, americium can be added to cover anaerobic bacteria. 3. Antibiotic applications in special circumstances: In certain special circumstances, where the patient has high-risk infection factors (e.g., age, diabetes, malnutrition, etc.), the use of artificial implants or bacterial contamination prior to the operation (e.g., open trauma), the time of use and dose of antibiotics may require appropriate adjustment.
Attention to antibiotics applications
1. Avoiding the misuse of antibiotics: The abuse of antibiotics may not only lead to the creation of drug-resistant strains, but may also increase the medical costs and adverse reactions of patients. Therefore, during gastrointestinal tumour surgery, the application principles of antibiotics should be strictly followed to avoid unnecessary abuse. 2. Monitoring adverse reactions: In the use of antibiotics, adverse reactions of patients, such as allergies, liver and kidney damage, should be closely monitored. If the adverse effects are detected, the drugs should be stopped and the treatments taken accordingly. 3. Individualized medicines: The application of antibiotics should be tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient. For example, for those who are allergic to penicillin, other types of antibiotics should be selected for substitution treatment.
Conclusions
The application of antibiotics during tumours in the gastrointestinal tract is an important measure to prevent infection in the part of the operation. However, the use of antibiotics should strictly follow the principles and strategies of rational application and avoid unnecessary misuse and prolonged use. By using individualized medicines, monitoring adverse reactions and taking into account the specific circumstances of the patient, we can more effectively prevent surgical infections and improve the treatment and quality of life of the patient. In short, the application of antibiotics during gastrointestinal tumours is a complex and detailed process that requires the combined efforts and collaboration of clinical doctors and patients. Through the rational application of antibiotics, we can provide safer and more effective surgical treatment programmes for patients and promote their early recovery.
gastrointestinal cancer
