Attention to common antibacterial drug selection in emergency medical care

The rational use of antibacterial drugs in the clinical work of the emergency internal service is essential for the effective treatment of infectious diseases and for the well-being of patients. However, the choice of anti-bacterial drugs is not easy and requires a combination of multiple factors to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug, while reducing the generation of bacterial resistance. The following are some of the key issues that require attention in the selection of antibacterial drugs that are common in emergency medicine.I. Explicit diagnosis of infection and pathogensPrior to the use of anti-bacterial drugs, it is important to identify, as far as possible, the diagnosis of infection and possible pathogens. This requires a medical assessment of the symptoms, signs, medical history of the patient and the results of the relevant secondary examination. For example, for cases of fever, cough, cough, cough, etc., the community ‘ s access to sexual pneumonia is determined by means of chest X-line, CT tests, smears, culture and drug sensitivity tests, as well as possible pathogens such as pneumocococcal, chlamydia, or drug-resistant chlamydia, e.g., copper-green cystella. Targeted antibacterial drugs can be selected only with the identification of pathogens, and blind use of drugs can be avoided as a result of treatment failure or drug resistance.II. Consideration of the antibacterial spectrum of antibacterial drugsDifferent antibacterial drugs have different antibacterial spectrums, i.e. different antibacterial activity for different bacteria. Antibiotic penicillin, for example, has a relatively good antibacterial effect on e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., pneumococococcus, soluble streptococcus, but has a relatively weak effect on e.g.a. As the algebra population increases, its antibacterial spectroscopy of the gebracin gradually expands, with a significant increase in the antibacterial activity of the third-generation septococcusin to the gerrancella, which also plays a role in, for example, copper-green-false cystasy. Antibiotics of quinone, such as left-oxen fluoride, and Moxisa, have a broader antibacterial spectrum, with antibacterial activity for geran positives, geran vaginal bacteria and atypical pathogens such as trigens and chlamydia. Therefore, doctors need to choose the appropriate antibacterial regimen according to the type of pathogens infected. In the case of suspected syroid pneumonia, it may be more appropriate to select a Great Ethylene Antibiotics such as Achicillin or quinone-type antibiotics; in the case of hospital access to S.P. and consideration of the high risk of infection with gland cactus, priority may be given to third-generation drugs with a strong antiglucin activity, such as septoxin or carbon carcinol.III. Assessing the individual situation of patients(i) Age factorThere are many limitations in the choice of anti-bacterial drugs due to the underdevelopment of the child. For example, quinone-type antibiotics are generally not recommended for use in children under 18 years of age, as they may affect the child’s cartilage development. In the case of a child infected, a mild infection is optionally antibiotic in the form of penicillin or headgillin, and the dose is calculated accurately on the basis of the child ‘ s age, body weight, etc., so as to avoid overdose or overdose. The reduction of liver and kidney function of older persons, the reduction of drug metabolism and excretion capacity, and the vulnerability to adverse effects of antibacterial drugs. In the case of antibiotics of the head of the fungus, there may be a need to reduce the dose or to extend the interval between drugs. For drugs with evident ear and kidney toxicity, such as amino-sugar antibiotics, care should be taken to closely monitor kidney function and hearing changes if necessary.(ii) Basic diseasesIn cases where the liver or kidney function is incomplete, the use of antibacterial drugs with impaired liver or kidney function should be avoided. In cases where the kidney function is incomplete, patients should be careful to use such drugs as amino sugar slurry and vancomicin, and can adjust the dose of the drug to the kidney function or choose a liver metabolic or excrete drug. For people suffering from basic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and low immune capacity, because of their vulnerability to infection and its lack of control, the choice of antibacterial drugs should take into account the coverage of potential drug-resistant bacteria and the treatment process may need to be extended appropriately. For example, diabetes patients are susceptible to co-infection with the urinary system and may be drug-resistant, and should be more targeted and effective in the choice of antibacterial drugs.(iii) Pregnant and lactating womenPregnant women should try to avoid the use of anti-bacterial drugs, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. If they have to be used, the trade-off needs to be made. Antibiotics of quinone are banned during pregnancy because of possible adverse effects on the bone development of the foetus, etc. Amino-cluenium antibiotics may cause loss of the foetus ‘ s hearing and should be avoided. When breast-feeding women use antibacterial drugs, it is important to consider whether the drug affects the health of the baby through breast milk. For example, antibiotics, such as sepsis, are relatively safe, but there is still a need to monitor closely whether there are any adverse effects on infants.IV. Attention to adverse reactions to antibacterial drugs(i) AllergiesSome antibacterial drugs are susceptible to allergies, which are more common in penicillin-based antibiotics and can lead to an allergic shock when severe. As a result, patients must be questioned in detail about their allergies before they are used, and they must undergo a decorative examination. For patients with an allergy history of penicillin, care should be taken in the use of precipitin-like antibiotics, which, if used, should be carefully assessed and closely observed.(ii) Damage to liver and kidney functionThe antibiotics of carbamate glucose have significant renal toxicity and long-term or large-dose use may cause kidney function damage, such as haemocelline acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen rise, protein urine, etc. Hepatic toxicity may be caused by macrocyclic ester antibiotics such as erythrin, as shown by aminosterase rise, yellow slurry, etc. In the course of use, the liver and kidney function of the patient should be monitored on a regular basis and the dose of the drug adjusted to the liver and kidney function indicator or the stoppage. For patients with incomplete kidneys, appropriate doses can be calculated on the basis of acetic anhydride removal rates when using renal excreted antibacterial drugs.(iii) Other adverse effectsAntibiotics such as quinone can cause myusitis, fissures, especially among elderly patients with a high risk of co-use of sugar-coated hormones, as well as prolonged periods of QT, which need to be carefully monitored when used by patients with heart diseases. Nephroxin, e.g., is of some type of renal toxicity, and is relatively low for kolanin, but still requires monitoring of kidney function, especially in long-term use or in combination with other substances that may affect kidney function. Antibiotics such as linazine may cause bone marrow inhibition, such as reduced slabs, anaemia, etc., and blood routines are regularly monitored during use.V. Focusing on drug interactionThere may be many interactions between antibacterial drugs and other drugs. For example, carbon acrylic antibiotics can reduce the concentration of acetate blood, leading to poor control of epilepsy, which is not appropriate for both; if this is necessary, the concentration of acetate blood should be closely monitored and the dose adjusted. The combination of antibiotics of quinone with antiacids with metal ions such as aluminium, magnesium, iron, etc. affects their absorption and reduces their efficacy, and should be avoided; if needed, they should be taken two hours before or six hours later. When combined with antidepressants such as 5-hydroxymethamphetamine re-ingestion (SSRI), the risk of 5-hydroxymethamphetamine syndrome may be increased, and it should be used with caution and closely observed whether the patient has any associated symptoms, such as a change in mental state, an autonomous nervous function disorder, and an abnormal nervous muscle.VI. Rationalization of antibacterial drug treatmentThe treatment of antibacterial drugs should be based on the type of infection, its severity, the type of pathogens and the patient ‘ s response. In general, for mild infections, such as acute bladderitis, the course of antibacterial treatment is 3-7 days; for moderate infections, such as community access to sexually transmitted pneumonia, it is usually 7-14 days; and for serious infections, such as hospital access to sexually transmitted pneumonia, abdominal infections, etc., it may take more than 14 days or even weeks. However, the excessive length of the treatment not only increases the risk of an adverse drug response but may also result in bacterial resistance, so that the patient ‘ s condition should be regularly assessed during the treatment and the treatment should be adjusted in a timely manner, as appropriate.In selecting antibacterial drugs, emergency physicians must consider the above-mentioned concerns in a comprehensive and integrated manner, balancing the diagnosis of the infection, the pathogens, the antibacterial spectrum, the patient ‘ s individual situation, adverse reactions, the interaction of the drug to the treatment process, in order to ensure that the use of antibacterial drugs is safe and effective and to increase the level of treatment of infectious diseases in emergency medical care, while contributing to the maintenance of the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs and the reduction of bacterial resistance.