Hepatitis B, or viral hepatitis B, is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a global public health problem that poses a serious threat to human health. In order to respond effectively to hepatitis B infection, we need to be fully aware of its concerns and to manage it comprehensively, from prevention, diagnosis, treatment to daily care.
I. Understanding hepatitis B and its means of transmission
Hepatitis B is transmitted vertically through blood, body fluid (e.g. semen, vaginal, etc.) and mother-to-child transmission. In addition, the sharing of syringes, needles, toothbrushes and razor blades, among other things, can lead to blood transmission, are important routes of infection. Understanding these transmission pathways is therefore essential to prevent hepatitis B.
II. Preventive measures
1. Hepatitis B vaccination: Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing hepatitis B. According to 0,
The one- to six-month procedure for vaccination against hepatitis B can stimulate the body to become immune and thus effectively prevent hepatitis B virus infection.
Avoiding high-risk behaviour: Avoiding unprotected sexual contact with persons infected with hepatitis B, avoiding the use of unsterilized medical devices and syringes, and not sharing with others items that could lead to blood transmission.
3. Attention to personal hygiene: hand washing, maintaining good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to blood and body fluids of persons with hepatitis B.
4. Mother-to-child disruption: For pregnant women who are positive with the surface antigens (HBsAg) of hepatitis B, viral load monitoring should be carried out during pregnancy and the necessary precautions should be taken during childbirth, such as the use of hepatitis B immunoprotein and hepatitis B vaccines for combined immunization to reduce the risk of neonatal infection.
Diagnosis and monitoring
Diagnosis: The diagnosis of hepatitis B is based on serology and virology tests. The serobiology tests include Hepatitis B virus surface antigens (HBsAg), Hepatitis B virus surface antibodies (anti-HBs), Hepatitis B virus e antigens (HBAg), Hepatitis B virus e antibodies (anti-HBb) and the Hepatitis B virus core antibodies (anti-HBc). The virology test includes, for example, a quantitative DNA test of the hepatitis B virus.
2. Periodic monitoring: Persons infected with hepatitis B should regularly undergo hepatitis function, hepatitis B virus loads, alpha-protein (AFP) and hepatitis B superspecies, so as to detect changes in the condition in a timely manner and take appropriate treatment measures.
Treatment
Hepatitis B treatments include, inter alia, anti-viral treatment, hepatitis treatment, immuno-modulation treatment and anti-fibrosis treatment.
1. Antiviral treatment: Antiviral treatment is at the heart of hepatitis B treatment. Hepatitis and necrosis are reduced and progress is delayed by inhibiting the replicability of hepatitis B virus. Common antiviral drugs include Nteikave, Tinofove, etc.
2. Hepatotherapy: Hepatic therapy aims at improving liver function and promoting hepatic cell repair and regeneration. Hepatopreventants commonly used include lysic acid formulations, water sacrin, etc.
3. Immuno-regulating treatment: Immuno-regulating treatment enhances the body ‘ s ability to clean up the hepatitis B virus by regulating the body ‘ s immune function. Common immuno-regulating drugs include mammograms, interferon, etc.
4. Anti-fibrosis treatment: Hepatitis B virus infection may lead to liver fibrosis and thus to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Anti-fibrosis treatment is therefore important for slowing progress. Commonly used anti-fibrosis drugs include cotrimoxazine liver chips, filament fibers, etc.
V. Daily care and lifestyle adjustments
Maintaining good habits of life: ensuring adequate sleep, avoiding overwork and staying up late. Motivation to improve the body, but to avoid intense activity. Keep a good mind and face disease.
Diet: Eating should be based on a diet that is light, digestive and nutritious. More fresh vegetables and fruits are consumed and enough vitamins and minerals are replenished. Eat less greasy, spicy and irritating food. To avoid heavy consumption, each meal is about eight points.
3. Prohibition of smoking and alcohol: Both smoking and drinking increase the liver burden and adversely affect the health of persons with hepatitis B. Thus, persons with hepatitis B should strictly stop smoking and alcohol.
4. Avoiding the use of substances for liver damage: When using drugs, doctors should be consulted to avoid the use of substances that may cause liver damage. If necessary, changes in liver function should be closely monitored.
Periodic review: Hepatitis B patients should undergo periodic review to understand the changes in their condition and adjust their treatment programmes in a timely manner.
Psychological support and home care
Hepatitis B patients may face stress and distress during treatment. Psychological support and home care are therefore essential for the rehabilitation of patients.
1. Psychological support: Families and friends should give full care and support to persons affected by hepatitis B to help them build confidence in overcoming the disease. If necessary, help from a psychologist can be sought.
2. Home care: Family members should understand the transmission of hepatitis B and preventive measures to avoid unnecessary contact with patients. At the same time, they are provided with a comfortable and quiet living environment, which facilitates their rehabilitation.
Concluding remarks
Hepatitis B is a serious infectious disease that threatens personal health and social stability. In order to respond effectively to hepatitis B infection, we need to be fully informed about its transmission routes, preventive measures, diagnostic and monitoring methods, treatment measures and daily care and lifestyle adjustments. Through scientifically sound means of prevention and treatment, we can reduce the incidence and mortality of hepatitis B and protect the health of people. At the same time, we should strengthen the promotion and education of hepatitis B, raise public awareness and awareness of hepatitis B and work together to create a healthy living environment.
