Breast health has become the focus of women ‘ s health concerns. Breast cancer, the most malignant neoplasm in the world, poses a serious threat to the lives and health of women in general. The number of new cases of breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer, making it the world ‘ s largest cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is also increasing year by year, and the age at which it occurs is becoming younger. It is therefore of the utmost importance for women to learn more about breast health and to take proactive preventive measures.
Breasts are the second most important sexual organ for women, consisting mainly of mammograms, fatty tissues, conjunctive tissues and blood vessels, nerves, etc. The mammogram consists of 15 to 20 mammograms, each of which consists of several small mammograms, the basic function of which consists of blisters and small nipples. The gland bubble is responsible for the distribution of milk and plays a key role in female breastfeeding. A large number of small nipples are gradually coming together at all levels and end up with nipples. The dark areas around the nipples are known as lactation, with many small bumps on it, known as the lactation glands, which can be used to conserve the nipples and lizziness. Fatty and conjunctive tissues of breasts support and protect breast tissues, while also giving full breast appearance. Breasts are not only lactating but also play an important role in the physical image and mental health of women. It is an important part of the beauty of women ‘ s bodies and has an impact on women ‘ s self-confidence and sexual charm.
II. Common breast diseases
Breast growth is the most common breast disease, mostly among women aged 30-50. The main symptoms are breast pain, mammograms and nipple spills. Breast pain is often cyclical, increases pre-menopausal pain and gradually eases or disappears after menstruation.
(ii) Breastitis Acute breast disease is most prevalent among lactating women, especially in the three to four weeks following the birth of the first child. This is mainly due to milk siltation and bacterial infections. Chronic breast disease is mostly caused by incomplete treatment of acute breast disease or by the persistence of emulsions, with long-term symptoms, local breast swelling, hardness, unclear borders, pains that are not visible or accompanied by mild pain, and frequent recurrences.
(iii) Breast fibromas. Breast fibroma is a benign breast tumour common to young women and has a positive effect on 20-25 years of age. The causes of the disease are mainly related to the abnormally high estrogen sensitivity of breast tissue. The tumors are mostly single and can be repeated. Adenomas of mammograms are slow but may increase rapidly during pregnancy or lactation due to changes in hormone levels.
Breast cancer is the most serious disease in the breast, the causes of which are more complex and are now considered to be related to the interplay of genetic factors, hormone levels, lifestyles and environmental factors. Early breast cancer is often manifested in breast pain-free swelling, hard texture, unclear borders and poor activity. Late-stage breast cancer can undergo long-range transfer, with symptoms in the corresponding areas, such as bone transfer causing bone pain, rational fractures of the disease, lung transfer with cough, groceries, breathing difficulties, liver transfer with pain in the liver, yellow salves, abdominal water, etc.
III. Prevention of breast disease
(i) Healthy lifestyles. A reasonable diet: a balanced diet with more foods rich in dietary fibres, vitamins and minerals, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, etc. Reduced intake of high fat, sugar and salty foods. Adequate exercise: regular physical exercise, with a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week. Sport helps to control body weight, lower levels of estrogen in the body and increase body immunity, thereby reducing the risk of mammography. Non-smoking: Both smoking and overdrinking are closely related to the incidence of breast disease. Tobacco use increases the accumulation of hazardous substances in the body and affects normal metabolism of breast tissues; alcohol consumption, especially high levels of alcohol, leads to higher estrogen levels in the body and stimulates the growth of breast tissues. Thus, women should try to quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption and not drink more than one drink a day (equivalent to 15 grams of alcohol). Regularity: Sleep is adequate and sleep is guaranteed every night for 7 – 8 hours. Long stayovers can disrupt human biological clocks, leading to endocrine disorders and affecting breast health. The normal pacing habits of early sleep and early rise contribute to maintaining the normal physical function of the body and hormonal balance. (ii) Psychological regulation. Long-term stress and bad moods are one of the major contributing factors to mammary disease. Women should learn to regulate themselves in their daily lives and remain positive and optimistic. A good psychological state helps to maintain an endocrine balance and reduce the incidence of breast disease.
(iii) Periodic screening. Regular breast screening is key to early detection and treatment of breast disease. It is generally recommended that women aged 20 – 39 undergo a clinical examination of the breast every 1-3 years; women aged 40 and over conduct an annual clinical examination of the breast, breast ultrasound and mammography (mix target). For women with high-risk factors such as the history of breast cancer, mammography, etc., appropriate time intervals should be reduced, screening programmes such as mammography MRI should be increased and individualized screening for cancer should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.
(iv) The right way of breastfeeding is essential for the prevention of breast disease for breast-feeding women.
V. Treatment of breast diseases
(i) Treatment of breast growth For patients with milder symptoms, the symptoms can be mitigated by means of lifestyle adjustments and psychological guidance. Maintaining a comfortable mood, avoiding overwork, regularity and a rational diet helps to regulate endocrines and reduce breast pain. A small number of cases of breast growth are likely to undergo malformation, so that patients with large, hard mass, and recent swellings are expected to grow rapidly, or are accompanied by a nipple spill, should undergo a timely surgical removal and a pathological examination to clearly diagnose them.
(ii) The treatment of breast disease. The treatment of acute breast disease: the treatment of early acute breast disease is mainly conservative, until it has developed. The side breasts should stop breastfeeding and suckle the milk with a milk pump to avoid increased emulsion.
(iii) Treatment of adenomas of mammograms The procedure is open to traditional, open or microstart operations (e.g. mammography). For young, unmarried and unpregnant women, if the tumour is small (less than 3 cm in diameter) and is slow to grow, the surgery can be suspended under close observation, but breast examinations should be carried out on a regular basis and in a timely manner in the event of rapid growth or other anomalies.
The treatment of breast cancer is an integrated process that includes a variety of methods, including surgical, chemotherapy, experiential, endocrinological and target-oriented treatments, the specific treatments to be developed on the basis of the patient’s condition, physical condition, pathology type, stage and patient’s wishes. Surgery: Surgery is one of the main methods of treatment for breast cancer, including breast cancer root management, breast cancer improvement root management, breast milk protection, etc. Breast cancer hysterectomy covers the whole mammography, chest muscles, small muscles and lymphoma lymphoma; improved breast cancer hysterectomy preserves chest muscles and small muscles and reduces surgical trauma; breast hysterectomy is accompanied by tumours, as far as possible, and improves the quality of life of patients. In recent years, with the development of mammography, the forward lymphomy has gradually been applied to clinically and, for patients with lymphoma at the outpost, it has been possible to avoid the lymphocytic clean-up of the armpit and to reduce complications such as lymphoma in the upper limb. chemotherapy: chemotherapy is a cure for using chemical drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent their growth and reproduction. Chemotherapy can be performed before the operation (newly assisted chemotherapy) to reduce the tumor, reduce the period and increase the surgical hysterectomy rate; it can also be performed after the operation (auxiliary chemotherapy) to eliminate possible cancer cells and reduce the risk of relapse. Commonly used chemotherapy drugs include cyclophosphate, acin, viol, etc., and chemotherapy programmes generally use a combination of multi-drug applications to improve treatment effectiveness. There may be adverse effects during chemotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, bone marrow inhibition, which can be mitigated by appropriate drug treatment and support treatment. Physiotherapy: It is a local treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Breast cancer treatment is mainly used for post-operative assistive treatment, which reduces the risk of local recurrence; it can also be used to alleviate pain and control the growth of tumours for patients with advanced breast cancer. The adverse effects of the treatment, which includes, inter alia, skin damage, radiopneumonia and dysentery, require close observation and treatment. Endocrine treatment: Endocrine treatment applies to breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER) and/or pregnancy hormone receptor (PR) positive. The growth and reproduction of cancer cells is inhibited by inhibiting the synthesis of estrogens or by blocking the integration of estrogens with receptors. The most common endocrine treatments are his mosaics, curvatures, Anacrons, etc. Endocrine treatment generally requires long-term treatment and may have adverse effects such as tidal heat, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, etc., which require regular examination and treatment. Target treatment: Target therapy is a method of treating specific molecular targets for cancer cells. In the case of patients with positive breast cancer with skin growth factor 2 (HER – 2), treatment with a single target of anti-drug can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment and prolong the patient ‘ s life. The adverse effects of the targeted treatment are relatively low, but may also occur, such as cardiac toxicity, which needs to be closely monitored during the treatment.
In general, the health of the breast is related to the physical and mental health and quality of life of women. Women must be fully aware of the dangers of breast disease, be aware of the health of the breast, have the right methods of self-censorship of the breast, develop good habits of life, maintain a positive and optimistic attitude, and conduct regular mammograms to enable early detection, diagnosis and treatment. Only in this way can the incidence of breast disease be effectively prevented and, in the event of illness, provided with timely and reasonable treatment, with a higher rate of cure, a lower mortality rate and a healthy and beautiful breast and a better life for female friends.
Breast cancer
