Acute lymphocyte leukaemia (ALL) is a common type of leukaemia among children and young people, and although its incidence is low, the health threat it poses cannot be ignored. This paper will explore in detail the definition of disease and its incidence, clinical performance and treatment.
I. Definition and incidence of acute lymphocyte leukaemia
Acute lymphocyte leukaemia (ALL) is a leukaemia that affects mainly lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are an important part of the immune system and their mutation and rapid growth can lead to the disease. Globally, acute lymphocyte leukaemia, while relatively low, is particularly high among children, especially among whites. In the United States, the annual incidence of acute lymphocyte leukemia among children is about 1.7 to 4.7 per 100,000. In China, according to statistics from the National Cancer Centre, the overall annual incidence of acute lymphocyte leukemia is about 1.6 per 100,000 people, with most of the patients being children and adolescents. There are differences in the incidence of diseases in different regions, for example, in Guangdong, where the incidence is relatively high. The incidence of the disease is affected by a number of factors, including genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, such as viral infections and radiation exposure. Although the exact causes of acute lymphocyte leukaemia are not yet fully known, their high prevalence in certain specific groups and areas remains a focus of clinical attention.
II. Clinical performance and attention to acute lymphocyte leukaemia
The clinical manifestations of acute lymphocyte leukemia are diverse and include, inter alia, fatigue, pale skin, repeated fever, lymphoma swollenness, bone pain and unspecified haemorrhage and bruising. Early symptoms are often similar to common infections and are therefore susceptible to neglect or misdiagnosis. As the condition increases, the symptoms may increase, with severe anaemia, increased haemorrhage and higher risk of infection. The patient should go to the hospital as soon as possible for a detailed examination of the symptoms. It is recommended to visit the blood department or the specialist clinic. Information on past medical history, including previous laboratory results, treatment records and drug use, is required prior to medical treatment. In addition, doctors should be informed of their personal and family history and of their exposure to harmful substances, such as chemical poisons or radiation, which would help them to obtain a full picture of the patient ‘ s condition and develop reasonable treatment programmes. During waiting and treatment, the patient is required to maintain a good mental state, which is periodically reviewed to monitor changes in the condition.
III. Treatment and management of acute lymphocyte leukaemia
The treatment of acute lymphocyte leukaemia includes, inter alia, chemotherapy, leaching and bone marrow transplants. Chemotherapy is the most common and effective method of killing abnormal cells in the blood by means of drugs, usually in multiple sessions. The treatment uses high-energy radiation to stationary damage to abnormal cells, which are often used to cause local pathologies or to prevent their spread in the brain and spinal cord. The bone marrow transplants rebuild a healthy blood system by replacing the bone marrow damaged by the patient, often for high-risk patients. Post-treatment management was equally important, and patients needed regular reviews to monitor the effects of treatment and to make drug management and dosage adjustments under the guidance of doctors in the focus areas. In addition, patients need to be sensitive to mental health and seek psychological and related support in due course. During the period of rehabilitation, appropriate exercise should be carried out to improve the health, with a dietary focus on nutrient enrichment and to avoid high sugar and fat food. Good day-to-day management and family support are essential to restoring health and can also be effective in improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of relapse.
