The importance of the prevention of infectious diseases: pathogens are micro-organisms that cause infectious diseases, which enter the human body through different means of transmission. Knowledge of these transmission pathways and vulnerable populations is the basis for preventing infectious diseases. The spread of infectious diseases must meet the three conditions of both the source and the means of transmission and the vulnerable population. The main sources of infection include patients, carriers, contacts and animal. The means of transmission include foam, blood, exposure, etc. The vulnerable population includes children, the elderly, pregnant women and people with impaired immune systems.
Methods for the prevention of infectious diseases: control of the source of infection: early detection, early diagnosis, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment. For category A infectious diseases, such as plague and cholera, quarantine treatment is required; category B infectious diseases, such as diphtheria, anthrax, can be isolated in hospitals or at home depending on the condition. People suspected of infectious diseases should be isolated. Control of carriers: Persons carrying major infectious diseases should be registered, managed and followed up until the pathogen is tested for 2-3 negatives. Patients working in food, water, etc. must temporarily leave their jobs. Medical observer contacts: Contacts of Category A infectious diseases must be retained and persons of Category B or C infectious diseases need medical observation. Those who come into contact may be given appropriate medication or vaccination.
Interrupting transmission routes: isolation and disinfection: properly placing patients or pathogen carriers in designated isolation units, temporarily separating from the population, actively engaged in treatment and care, and disinfection of infectious secretions, excreta, appliances, etc. Sterilization methods include physical disinfection and chemical disinfection, which can be used in different ways depending on the infectious disease. (a) Personal hygiene: good hygiene practices such as hand washing, use of paper towels to cover the mouth, cough or sneeze, and avoidance of vomiting. After meals, after contact with the outside world and before touching the mouth and nose, it is imperative that hands be carefully washed, following a seven-step wash, with soap (hand wash) and running water for at least 20 seconds. Environmental health: Keep home and work environment clean, and eliminate disease-borne pests such as mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches, etc. Regular window ventilation and the maintenance of indoor air flow can effectively reduce the concentration of viruses and bacteria in air. Protecting vulnerable populations:
Increased immunity: Immunisation through proper diet, balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, adequate sleep, good mind, etc. Foods rich in vitamins and high-quality protein, such as vegetables, fruits, cereals and fish, are consumed, water is consumed and health is maintained. Vaccination is the most economical, effective and accessible means of preventing the disease. Through vaccinations, the human body can acquire immunity against certain infectious diseases. For infectious diseases such as the New Crown Virus, those eligible for vaccinations should be actively vaccinated. (b) Personal protective clothing: It is essential that masks be properly worn in public places, closed spaces or when travelling in public transport. Avoid access to crowd-intensive sites and maintain social distance of more than one metre. Persons with infectious diseases or suspected patients should be exposed to the necessary personal protective devices, such as masks, gloves, legs, footwear etc.
Preventive measures for specific infectious diseases: Influenza, new crowns and so forth: science wears masks, washes hands, maintains indoor air flow, avoids frequent access to populated areas and is vaccinated in a timely manner. Coughing, sneezing and sneezing: use paper towels or hands to hold nose and nose to prevent the spread of foam. Infectious diseases of digestive tracts: diarrhea, dysentery, etc.: ensuring food security and clean drinking water, avoiding consumption of raw, cold food and unclean water.
Exposure to infectious diseases: pox, hand and foot: maintenance of personal hygiene, avoidance of exposure to patients and their secretions and excreta, timely vaccination.
Preventive measures in daily life: Health surveillance: taking the initiative to monitor health, to visit the hospital in a timely manner if hemorrhaging, coughing, etc., and to follow medical instructions and follow up. • Avoid gathering: reduce the frequency of visits to public and crowd-intensive places and avoid gathering activities such as meals and gatherings. (b) Scientific protection: During special periods, such as during the epidemic, the use of preventive and control measures by local authorities and the health sector to reduce out-of-home activities, such as the need to wear a mask.
Preventing infection is everyone ‘ s responsibility and duty. We can effectively prevent the spread of infectious diseases by learning the basics of infectious diseases, practice daily hygiene practices, maintain environmental health and adopt healthy lifestyles. Let us work together, responsible for our own health and that of others, to build a healthy and safe environment together.
