Breast cancer: early prevention, early detection, early treatment

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumours in women worldwide. Knowledge is essential for women ‘ s health. Breast cancer has many causes. Age growth increases risk, and women over 45 years of age need more attention. If family genetic factors exist, the incidence of disease increases significantly, and those with family history should be regularly screened. Long-term estrogen exposure, such as premature menstruation (before 12 years of age), terminal (after 55 years of age), unborn or late (for the first time after 35 years of age) and long-term use of estrogen-containing drugs or health products, can induce breast cancer. In addition, adverse lifestyles, such as high-fat, high-calorie diets, long-term alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise leading to obesity, can also increase the risk of disease. Early breast cancer may not have visible symptoms, so regular screening is crucial. Common symptoms are mammograms, mostly pain-free, hard-temperatures, irregular edges and poor activity; a nipple spill, which may be blood, plasma or water samples; changes in the breast skin, such as a “dimple” (oncological invasion of Cooper’s dyslexia dents the skin); changes in the “orange skin” (skin edema from lymphobar plugs); and nipples or euphemisms, such as nipple retres, scavengers, etc. Self-inspection can be carried out one week after the end of the menstruation, through a check-up to see whether the breast appearance is symmetrical and whether the skin is altered, and in a certain order of reference to the breasts and armpits, but self-inspection is not a substitute for a professional examination. Clinical methods include breast ultrasound, which applies to young women and to the intensity of the mammogram, and it is possible to determine whether the swelling is cystic or physical; mammogram X molybdenum test, which detects early pathologies, such as small calcified stoves, and is recommended for women over 40 years of age, on an annual basis; and mammogram (MRI), which has a high resolution of soft tissues, which is used to screen high-risk populations and assess the extent of the disease. Once breast cancer is diagnosed, the treatment is varied. Surgery is provided for breast cancer and breast cancer, and doctors take into account the size of the tumor, its location and the wishes of the patient. Chemotherapy can kill whole-body cancer cells, pre-operative chemotherapy can reduce tumours for surgery, post-operative chemotherapy can reduce re-emergence risk, and commonly used drugs include cyclophosphorous amide, polysoplasm, etc., but have side effects such as de-emergence, nausea and vomiting. The use of high-energy rays for the destruction of cancer cells can be used for post-operative assistive treatment or for palliative care for late-stage patients, which can cause adverse effects such as skin damage and radioactive pneumonia. Endocrine treatment for hormonal receptor-positive patients uses drugs to suppress estrogen effects, such as curvatures, mosaics, etc., which require long-term administration and attention to side effects. Target-oriented treatments for cancer cells that express abnormalities in particular gene mutations or proteins, such as Her-2 positive breast cancer, can be countered by one-size-fits-all, and are effective but costly. The rehabilitation period for breast cancer patients is also not relaxed. Psychological adjustment is critical and positive optimism can be maintained, and psychological stress can be mitigated through communication with family and friends, participation in anti-cancer clubs, etc. The diet is nutritionally balanced, with more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, good-quality proteins, less red meat, less processed meat, and no alcohol. Appropriate exercise enhances health and improves immunity, such as walking, jogging, yoga, etc., but avoids overwork, warmness and stretching before and after the exercise. The periodic review can be carried out in a timely manner, with a review every three to six months within two years of the general operation, a review every six months for two to five years, and a review every five years thereafter, including breast ultrasound, molybdenum targets, chest CT, tumor markers, etc. In short, breast cancer, although terrible, can be combated to the greatest extent possible and protect the health and beauty of women by raising awareness of prevention, regular screening, early detection, early treatment and scientific care during rehabilitation.