Breast cancer: Invisible threats to women ‘ s health and scientific control
Breast cancer, one of the most common malignant tumours in women, has become a global health challenge. According to data, there are approximately 1.2 million new cases per year globally, resulting in 500,000 deaths, particularly in countries in Europe and the United States of America, where, although relatively low, the Asian region has shown an upward trend in recent years. As a result of the gradual westernization of living habits, such as high fat diets, irregularity and hormonal abuse, the incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly, especially in large cities such as Shanghai, where the annual incidence has exceeded 17 per cent.
Breast cancer is not a single cause, but a combination of factors. Genetic factors are an important factor in the incidence of breast cancer, with a significant increase in the risk of morbidity among women with family history. In addition, reproductive factors such as early onset, late or unpregnancy, post-menopausal obesity, and hormonal factors such as the long-term use of contraceptives and hormonal substitution treatment increase the risk of disease. Unhealthful lifestyles, such as chronic drinking, lack of exercise, high stress and environmental factors such as large doses of ionizing radiation, can also be a cause of neglect.
The symptoms of breast cancer are varied, but the most common manifestations are pain-free swelling, with a small number of pains or stings. Emulsions, especially in non-pregnancy nipples, often have blood samples and are a warning sign for breast cancer. Dermal changes, such as “drinking” and “molecular changes”, as well as nipple retrenchment and graft cancer, may also be signs of breast cancer. When breast cancer reaches an advanced stage and patients may experience a lymph transfer, treatment will become more difficult.
Early detection of breast cancer is key to improving treatment effectiveness and survival. Regular medical check-ups and screenings are important means of detecting breast cancer, including mammogram B, mammograms, etc. In particular, women with family history should be screened well in advance in order to detect the disease at an early stage. The final diagnosis of breast cancer is based on pathological examinations, the acquisition of tumour tissues through cytology, hollow needle piercing or excavation, and the conduct of microscope observations and analyses.
The treatment of breast cancer is a multidisciplinary and collaborative process involving a variety of means, including surgery, treatment, chemotherapy, endocrine treatment and target-oriented treatment. Treatment programmes need to be developed taking into account, inter alia, the age, chronology, pathology and physical condition of the patient. Surgical treatment includes breast protection and whole-milk excisions, as well as a biopsy or cleaning of lymph nodes in armpits. The treatment kills tumour cells through high-energy rays and applies to post-operative assistive treatment or advanced palliative care. The use of chemotherapy to kill or inhibit the growth and fragmentation of tumor cells is often combined with surgery. Endocrine treatment is used to inhibit the growth of tumour cells with hormonal drugs for ER or PR-positive patients. Targeting treatments, for specific molecular targets such as Her2 positive, can significantly improve the life and quality of life of patients.
Breast cancer, though terrible, is not invincible. Through scientific prevention, early diagnosis and scientific treatment, we can work together to build a strong line of defence against breast cancer. Female friends should learn to self-screen their breast, conduct regular medical examinations, maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risk of disease. Positive therapeutic attitudes and scientific rehabilitation management are equally important for diagnosed breast cancer patients.
