Breast cancer radiotherapy

i. Process orientation for breast cancer radiotherapy: Doctors use video technology, such as CT or MRI, to locate patients and determine precisely the location and size of the tumor. This process provides an important basis for the subsequent treatment to determine target areas and the dose of exposure required. Simulation: Patients are required to maintain a fixed position on a therapeutic simulator. In the process, doctors place signs on the patient to ensure that he/she is in the same position every time he/she is released. For example, under a simulator, the patient ‘ s position is fixed with three markers, while the patient is fixed with a mask to prevent a bulge during the treatment, as movement reduces the accuracy of the treatment. Development of a plan: Based on the results of positioning and simulation, doctors will develop a detailed programme of treatment. The plan covered target areas, doses, exposures and timing. For example, the part of breast protection that needs to be exposed after the mammography is the whole side of the mammary, using 6Mv-X rays and a full mammary dose of 5,000cGy/25 / 5 weeks, followed by a primary tumour position of 12Mev electronic line exposure of 1,000 cGy/5 / 1 week at the site of the surgical tumour. Patients who found lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph lymph cytocell transfer must also be exposed to the upper cranium at a dose of 5000cGy/25 / 5 weeks. Relocation: Before each treatment, the patient is repositioned on the re-hatting machine to ensure that his/her position is consistent with the previous position and simulation. For example, following the completion of the therapeutic programme, the bed is moved off the conventional simulator, repositioning, approximately 1 – 3 weeks apart from the first positioning. Treatment: The patient is scheduled for outpatient treatment, which usually takes only a few minutes each time. The treatment usually takes place once a day, five days a week, for weeks. Follow-up: After the release, patients are required to follow up regularly. Doctors check for tumour control and for side effects. The general first review takes one month after the release, after which it is recommended that it be reviewed every three months until three years after the release, then every half year until five years, after which it may be reviewed once a year. The review project consisted mainly of tumour markers such as chest CT, blood protocol, liver and kidney function, and sugar antigens in blood. The examination of the chest CT primarily assesses whether the treatment caused lung damage and whether there was radiopneumonia; the examination of blood routines, liver and kidney function assesses the occurrence of side effects such as post-therapeutic bone marrow inhibition, damage to liver and kidney function; and the examination of tumor markers such as the sugar antigen, 153, mainly to monitor the development of breast cancer pathologies and to detect a recurrence or transfer in a timely manner. Side-effects of breast cancer radiotherapy 1. Radiofilitis: In the course of breast cancer radiotherapy, the skin of the exposed part is susceptible to various reactions. It is more common that the early period may be characterized only by slight red spots, which have an excessive sexual characteristic. As the treatment continues, the skin may be colored, furbags may expand. In serious cases, the irradiated skin may be glen, ulcers, etc. These situations require enhanced skin care to avoid infection and, where necessary, timely medical treatment. 2. Obesema on the side: Radiation treatment may result in an oedema on the side, in the form of swelling of the upper limb, accompanied by a feeling of swelling and discomfort. In serious cases, movement is restricted and pain is evident. This is mainly due to the fact that the normal return of lymphocyte is affected by the amputation of the lymphomphal circuit or after the surgery. The incidence of oedema is related to a number of factors, such as the manner and operation of the operation, the location and dose of the treatment, obesity, age, etc. For upper limb oedema, it can be mitigated by lifting the body above the heart, appropriate activity with a side limb and local massage. 3. neurological damage to the arms: Symptoms such as pain, sensory deficiency, increased severe pain, muscle atrophy and even paralysis of the upper limb. The damage usually occurs between 1 and 4 years after the treatment and requires attention. In the case of neuropsychiatric injuries to the arms, a timely visit to the hospital should be made, with a specific reason for the treatment. 4. Full-body response: The patient may experience whole-body symptoms such as drying, constipation, reduced appetite, vomiting and inactivity during his or her treatment. These symptoms usually occur within weeks of treatment and may last for months. Patients should pay close attention to their symptoms and report to the doctor in order to adjust the treatment plan and the medication in a timely manner. At the same time, care should be taken to increase the number of breaks and to strengthen care, such as nutrition, to help reduce the incidence of side effects. After breast cancer radiotherapy, care for the skin of the spa: after breast cancer, the spa needs special care. First, the sun should be protected from direct sunlight exposure to the skin and further UV damage to vulnerable skin. At the same time, friction should be prevented, clothing in tight or rough material should be avoided and skin irritation should be reduced. During the course of the treatment, no skin protections may be painted to avoid skin allergies or other adverse reactions. In addition, a loose cotton shirt should be chosen to allow the skin to breathe and reduce discomfort. Upper limb swelling care: As a result of the amputation of the limb lymph return route for breast cancer surgery or the post-surgery treatment has affected the normal return flow of lymph fluid, the upper limb swelling may occur after the release. In this case, it is possible to improve the oedema by lifting up the side limbs and, depending on the mobility of the individual ‘ s arm, placing the oedema arm above the heart, and helping to facilitate the re-flow of the veins. At the same time, proper exercise should be undertaken to prevent or mitigate arm oedema, but care should be taken not to overactivity or fatigue in order to aggravate the oedema. Local massages can also be carried out to promote blood circulation and reduce oedema. Dietary care: After breast cancer is administered, dietary intake of estrogen-containing food and health products is reduced. Foods that are easily digestible, high proteins and high vitamins, such as eggs, fish, chicken, fresh vegetables and fruits, are selected to ensure adequate nutritional intake to help body recovery. Drink more water, keep the mouth wet and promote the restoration of the mouth mucous membranes. Avoid eating spicy, greasy, irritating foods such as peppers, fried foods, etc., and reduce the irritation of mouth mucous membranes. If symptoms such as nausea and vomiting occur, some light foods, such as rice porridge, egg crumbs, etc., can be properly eaten to avoid eating food that can cause stomach discomfort. (b) Rationally arrange the diet to allow for a small amount of extra meals and avoid over-eating the stomach burden. Prevention of high-heat, high-fat foods, such as fried foods, cookie cakes, etc., and of increased weight and cardiovascular disease. A small number of meals to avoid hot meals and excessive post-eating water, and to reduce gastrointestinal burden and indigestion. Avoid alcohol and caffeine ingestion to prevent the effects of treatment and physical health. (c) Reasonable ingestion of nutrients and moisture to maintain normal functioning of the body in accordance with the doctor ‘ s guidance and state of health. Food is processed mainly in the form of boiled stew, avoiding fried and barbecue-like foods, oversaturated foods, and reducing the consumption of higher animal fats. If a patient ‘ s appetite so permits, he or she will be able to eat more of the high-protein food, of which eggs, milk, beans, etc. are a good source of protein. IV. The role of radiotherapy for breast cancer in the removal of residual cancer cells: although surgery can remove most of the tumour tissues, there may still be residual cancer cells. Breast cancer is administered with a precise exposure to the surgical area and to areas where there may be cancer cells, killing residual cancer cells through high-energy rays, thus reducing the risk of reoccurrence. Controlling the development of cancer: The use of radiotherapy to destroy the DNA structure of cancer cells and to prevent their growth and fragmentation as a means of killing or inhibiting the growth of cancer cells to control their development. Reduction in the size of the tumor: The treatment before the operation reduces the size of the tumor and reduces the difficulty of the operation and the amount of haemorrhage. For example, for some patients with larger tumours, pre-operative treatment can create better conditions for surgery. Prevention of the spread of cancer: Breast cancer is at risk of diversion, and treatment can be effective in irradiating areas that may be transferred, such as the lymphocytes of armpits, the upper cranium, etc., and preventing the spread of cancer cells to other areas. In general, breast cancer treatment plays an important role in the integrated treatment of breast cancer, which can effectively improve the patient ‘ s healing and survival rates. v. The best timing for breast cancer radiotherapy varies from one patient to another. The following is the best time for treatment in different contexts: 1. Pre- and post-therapeutic: for breast cancer patients who need to undergo chemotherapy, it is generally two to four weeks after the end of chemotherapy, and in principle it is not recommended to do so within 10 weeks. This is because, after chemotherapy, it takes time for the patient ‘ s body to recover, and it is also necessary to determine the programme of treatment based on its effects. Early release may increase the burden on the patient and affect the effectiveness of the treatment. 2. Non-requirement of chemotherapy after breast protection: for those who do not need chemotherapy after breast protection, it is recommended that after three to four weeks after the operation, the medical treatment should begin when the wound is well recovered and it is not appropriate to exceed eight weeks after the operation. This is due to the fact that it takes time for a patient ‘ s breast to recover after the breast is breast-protected, and that early treatment may affect the healing of the wound and increase the risk of infection. At the same time, the timing of the treatment needs to be determined on the basis of the patient ‘ s physical condition, which may require an appropriate delay if the patient ‘ s physical condition is poor. 3. Physical effects: The patient ‘ s physical condition can also affect the timing of treatment. If the patient is clearly ill during his or her treatment, he or she should be informed in a timely manner that he or she will adjust the time of his or her chemotherapy to the patient ‘ s physical endurance and condition. For example, if the patient suffers from serious symptoms of nausea, vomiting and inactivity, the practice may need to be suspended pending improvement in his/her condition. In addition, if the patient is in poor physical condition, it may be necessary to delay the release for an appropriate period to ensure that the patient is able to withstand the side effects of the release.