Cancer and cultural differences: how to understand different cultural perceptions of cancer
Cancer, as a global health problem, has repercussions that go far beyond the medical field and reach social, cultural and psychological levels. There are significant differences in people ‘ s understanding of, attitudes to and responses to cancer in different cultural contexts. These differences affect not only the decision-making process of patients and families, but also the effectiveness of treatment and the mental health of patients. Understanding and respecting these cultural differences are therefore essential for providing comprehensive cancer care. In some Western cultures, cancer is often seen as a disease that needs to be actively confronted and fought. Patients and families tend to discuss the situation in an open manner and seek up-to-date medical techniques and treatment. They may prefer traditional medical treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and decomposition, while also exploring alternative and complementary treatments such as yoga, meditation and nutritional supplementation. In these cultures, cancer patients are often widely supported by society, including counselling, patient support groups and public health education. However, in some cultures in Asia, Africa and Latin America, cancer may be regarded as a taboo topic, and public discourse is often avoided. In these societies, cancer can be associated with death, misfortune or moral failure, leading to shame or guilt on the part of patients and families. As a result, patients may prefer conservative treatment and even seek medical help when the condition is serious. In some cultures, traditional medicine and religious beliefs play an important role in the treatment of cancer, and patients may also seek herbal treatment, prayer or ritual treatment. In the Middle East and some Muslim cultures, the treatment of cancer may be influenced by religious teachings. For example, Islamists may consider religious practices such as religious taboos and Ramadan in therapeutic decision-making. In these cultures, family members play a central role in patient care, and the will and decision of the family are often more important than the individual wishes of the patient. In some indigenous and aboriginal cultures, the understanding of cancer may be closely linked to the natural and spiritual world. These cultures may have their own unique ways of interpreting and treating diseases, emphasizing the harmony with nature and the connection between ancestral and spiritual worlds. In these communities, traditional healers and spiritual leaders may work with modern medical professionals to provide comprehensive care to patients. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for medical professionals. They need the capacity to communicate across cultures in order to better understand the needs and expectations of patients and to provide care that is culturally appropriate. For example, doctors and nurses should learn how to provide accurate medical information and advice while respecting patients ‘ privacy and cultural practices. In addition, the health system needs to provide multilingual services and culturally sensitive care to ensure that all patients have access to quality health care. Patients and families can also benefit from cross-cultural communication. By communicating with people from different cultural backgrounds, patients can learn about their views, beliefs and treatment options for cancer. Such exchanges help to break cultural divides and promote mutual understanding and support. Participation in cross-cultural activities and discussions allows patients to expand their horizons and enhance their psychological resilience, so as to find more support and resonance in their journey against cancer. In diverse societies, providers and patients of cancer care face the challenge of understanding and adapting to cultural differences. Through education, communication and mutual respect, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment that will help all cancer patients better meet this challenge. Cancer may be a global disease, but our responses and attitudes vary from culture to culture. By understanding these differences, we can work together to provide more humane and effective care for all.
