Cardiac transplant and artificial heart.

A heart transplant is the process of replacing a heart damaged by a serious disease (e.g. heart failure) with a healthy heart. The operation can significantly improve the quality of life of patients and even save their lives. However, given the scarcity of the supply heart and the high risk of the operation itself, heart transplants are not the main treatment for people with heart failure.Artificial heart, known as a left-heart assistive device, is used primarily for the treatment of patients at the end of their heart failure. The core of the device is a blood pump of a size similar to the ping-pong ball, which is placed in the patient ‘ s chest cavity to support the natural heart and to ensure that oxygen-rich blood can be successfully transported to the whole body, thus allowing the blood circulation system to function properly. In addition to this, the entire system contains in vitro portable batteries and their controllers, which together form a complete support system. Artificial heart has led to a significant increase in the survival and quality of life of patients at the end of their heart failure.I. Distinction between heart transplants and artificial heartCardiac transplants are common to artificial heart, and they are both means of treatment for patients with advanced heart failure.In terms of survival, a new generation of artificial heart pump implants is close to survival rates for heart transplants.The first two years and the third years of existence are not very different, and the two have had similar improvements in the quality of life after surgery. However, the choice of treatment also requires a combination of multiple factors.1 Age factor: The age limit for heart transplants is certain, and it is usually inappropriate for patients over 70 years of age to receive heart transplants; in contrast, artificial heart requirements are relatively lower.2. Renal function: Both treatments have certain requirements for kidney function, but artificial heart requirements are relatively liberal in this regard.3. Pulmonary high pressure: For patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance, a heart transplant is not appropriate because a healthy heart cannot withstand a sudden increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, while an artificial heart can effectively mitigate the pulmonary arterial high pressure caused by the loss of left heart function.Diabetes mellitus and epivascular pathologies: After a heart transplant, patients need long periods of hormonal and immunosuppressants, which may have further effects on blood sugar levels and speed up the hardening of porridge samples, while artificial heart is more relaxed in this regard, subject to a detailed pre-operative assessment to ensure the safety of the circumcise.In addition, unlike a heart transplant, patients receiving artificial heart implants do not need to undergo anti-exclusion treatment, thus avoiding the health risks that anti-exclusion treatment may pose. But for people with artificial heart, anticondensed drugs, such as aspirin and Wafalin, are required for life. From the point of view of surgical risk, the risk of an artificial heart operation is lower and more sophisticated than that of a heart transplant, and the patient has relatively short recovery time. Thus, in many respects, artificial heart implants have a certain advantage over heart transplants.In conclusion, the choice of artificial heart or heart transplant is an effective way of treating terminally ill patients. However, a decision on the specific selection must also be taken in the light of the actual situation of the patient and the opinion of the doctor.II. Management of artificial heart installationAn artificial heart can rely on two recharged lithium batteries to provide power to support the patient ‘ s daily activities and out-of-home needs, while at the same time it can be provided with a battery with a suitable mixer to ensure that sufficient electricity is available during the rest period. Each discharge patient will be equipped with four to six lithium batteries, and each battery will last between six and eight hours to meet daily needs.Before discharge, doctors provide detailed training to patients and their families on artificial heart, including the correct operation of in vitro controllers, battery replacements, working-state monitoring of artificial heart, learning about day-to-day maintenance related matters and how to respond to emergencies. Upon discharge, patients are able to enjoy a quality of life similar to that of normal people, through gradual rehabilitation exercise and long-term self-management, and to complete activities that cannot be carried out before the operation, such as cooking, up and down stairs, cycling, shopping and driving. In addition, a certain level of exercise can be restored, such as mountain climbing and ping-ponging, and even some patients can return to work in the second half of their stay. As a result, the artificial heart not only gives the patient a second life, but also opens a whole new way of life.Summary:Artificial heart, while reducing the heart burden of the patient and improving the quality of life, can be accompanied by post-operative care problems and risks of mechanical failure, internal infections and haemorrhage. It is therefore important that patients suffering from heart failure pay attention to the need to take care of their heart health, following a programme of guidance from professional doctors at a stage where the use of medication can improve their heart function!