Congenital heart disease is a type of heart structural abnormality that exists at birth and is the result of heart and blood vessels forming disorders or abnormalities during embryonic growth. According to statistics, the incidence of congenital heart disease is estimated at 0.7 to 0.8 per cent per year, which means that every year a large number of newborns face this health challenge.
There are many types of congenital heart disease, the most common types of which include loss of room spacing, loss of room spacing, unsealed artery catheters, Faro IV. The gap in the room refers to a hole in the spacing of the heart room, which diverts the blood from the heart room; the gap in the room is a deficiency in the spacing of the heart room, resulting in a blood diversion at the heart room level; the failure to close the artery catheter during the foetal period, which links the lung and the aortic artery, is not normal after birth; and the Farozo syndrome is a more complex congenital heart disease, which includes a narrow lung pulse, a lack of room spacing, an active cycling and four malformations with a thick right heart room.
Its causes are complex, and genetic factors play an unnegligible role in the onset of congenital heart disease. If there are pre-patients in the family, the probability of pre-conception increases for future generations. Some negative environmental factors, such as the presence of rubella virus, megacell virus among pregnant women, are also likely to induce pre-conception during pregnancy; the exposure of pregnant women to large amounts of radiation and chemical toxins such as pesticides, paints, etc.; diabetes mellitus, poor control of blood sugar during pregnancy, etc.
Most children with congenital heart disease have some symptoms after birth, such as acute respiratory distress due to abnormal heart function causing respiratory cycling disorders and obstructing gas exchange; repeated respiratory infections due to heart problems affecting the immune function of the organism and the pulmonary defence mechanisms; growth retardation because the heart is not effective in providing sufficient blood and oxygen to the organism, affecting the normal growth and development of the body ‘ s organs; and lullium, most of which is found in complex congenital heart diseases, such as Faro Quadosis, which is associated with a reduction in the body ‘ s oxygen content, which results in a chromosophyte of the child ‘ s lips, fingernails and so on. However, there are also a number of light children with congenital heart disease who may not have visible symptoms at an early stage and are detected only incidentally during medical examinations or medical treatment for other diseases.
For the diagnosis of a pre-conceptional disease, doctors generally combine a variety of means for the diagnosis. At the time of the medical examination, the murmur of the heart, an important sign of the diagnosis of congenital heart disease by a doctor, was heard in the hearing. An electrocardiogram allows for the recording of the electrical activity of the heart and helps the doctor to determine whether the heart has a rhythm abnormality and myocardiology. The chest X-line examination allows for the observation of the size, morphology and vascular texture of the lung, and gives an overview of the heart and lung. Ultrasound motion maps clearly show the structure of the heart, the size of the cavities, the morphology and activity of the valves, the direction and speed of blood flow, etc., are important means of diagnosing congenital heart disease and provide well-documented information for a clear diagnosis. In response to complex congenital heart diseases, cardiac catheters and cardiovascular imaging can further provide detailed information on the structure and physiology of cardiac anatomics for the development of treatment programmes and better design of treatment programmes.
Preventive diseases are treated mainly through surgical, intervention and medication. Surgery is the main method of treating most types of preconceptive disease, in particular the correction of complex malformations. The timing of the surgery depends on the child ‘ s condition and state of health. Generally, some serious congenital heart disease, such as Faro IV, requires early surgery during the infant or early childhood period, while some minor impairments, such as lack of space in the small room or lack of room spacing, may be selected for pre-school or adolescent surgery, depending on the child ‘ s physical condition. Intervention in treatment is a treatment that has been developed more rapidly in recent years for special equipment delivered to the heart through an vascular piercing, and for which there are advantages such as minor trauma, speed of recovery, etc., applicable to particular types of congenital heart disease, such as unsealed artery catheters, missing room spacing, missing parts of room spacing, etc. Drug treatment is mainly used to relieve symptoms, control heart failure and prevent complications such as infectious endometriosis, such as the use of urea to reduce the heart burden and the use of antibacterials to prevent infection, but congenital heart disease is generally not treated through drug treatment.
Home care for pre-cardiatric children is essential. Parents should be careful to provide the child with proper nutrition and ensure that the child receives sufficient nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins and minerals, but to avoid over-feeding and to prevent obesity from increasing the burden on the heart. At the same time, and subject to safety guarantees, children are encouraged to undertake appropriate activities, in accordance with their physical condition, and are encouraged to carry out appropriate health-enhancing sports, but with great restraint and overwork. In addition, parents are required to take the medication to the sick child on time, in strict compliance with the doctor ‘ s orders, and regularly bring the sick child to hospital for review in order to detect problems in a timely manner and to adjust the treatment programme.
The effects of the treatment of pre-cardiological diseases have improved significantly with the progress of medical technology. Many children suffering from congenital heart disease, after receiving timely and effective treatment, are able to play a role in life, learning and work and have a better future than normal children. However, the prevention of preconceptions remains a priority. During pregnancy, pregnant women must be careful to maintain good living habits, avoid exposure to harmful substances, prevent infection, conduct regular prenatal check-ups and promptly identify and address possible problems. Together, we can reduce the incidence of congenital heart disease and protect children ‘ s health.
References:
[1] Hu Daichi, Ma Longlife, practice of cardiology 2018 — Normative treatment. People’s Health Press, 2018.
[2] Ghumbo, Seo Yongjian. Internal Science. People ‘ s Health Press, 2013.
