Abstract: Chronic atrophy of gastroenteritis is a common stomach disease characterized by a gland atrophy in the stomach mucous membranes, often accompanied by intestinal filament and hexagenic growth, closely linked to the occurrence of stomach cancer. The purpose of this document is to raise public awareness of the disease, promote early diagnosis, effective treatment and active prevention and reduce the risk of its progression.
Introduction
The incidence of chronic atrophy of stomach disease is increasing globally, especially among the middle and older population groups. Because of their invisibility, their long pathology, early symptoms are often unusual and easily ignored. However, as the situation progresses, there may be a series of indigestion symptoms that have a serious impact on the quality of life of patients and that have a certain risk of cancer, placing a greater psychological burden on them. Therefore, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of chronic atrophy of stomach disease is of paramount importance for early intervention, disease management and prevention of stomach cancer.
II. Epidemiology and morbidity mechanisms
(i) Causes
1. Sphinocella (Hp) infection: this is one of the most important causes of chronic atrophy of stomachitis. Hp, with its spiral structure, easily drills through the gastric mucous membrane layer, settles between the gastric mucous membrane and the mucous membrane layer, creating a variety of toxins and enzymes, such as urea enzyme, empty toxin A, etc., destroying the gastric mucous membrane barrier, causing inflammatory reactions and long-term effects that can lead to the atrophy of the gastric mucous membrane.
Dietary habits: Long-term consumption of high salt, pickled, smoked, fried food, as well as excessive consumption of irritated drinks such as alcohol, strong tea and coffee, can cause direct damage to the stomach mucous membranes, placing the gastric mucous membranes in the process of injury and repair, and increasing the risk of chronic atrophy of stomachitis.
3. Self-immunisation factor: Some patients have their own antibodies, such as wall cell and internal factors. Wall-cell antibodies can destroy the wall cells of the gastric mucous membranes, reducing gastric acid occultation, while internal factor antibodies affect the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to malignant anaemia and, in turn, to changes in stomach mucous membranes.
4. Courage reverses: when the cascading acoustic dysfunction or large gastric hysterectomy occurs, the courage reverses to the stomach, where elements such as gallal salt can soluble the fat in the gastric mucous membrane, destroys the gastric mucous membrane barrier, stimulates an inflammatory reaction of the stomach mucous membrane and causes a long-term atrophy of the gastric mucous membrane.
5. Age and genetic factors: As age increases, the ability of the stomach mucous membranes to self-rehabilitate gradually decreases, with a corresponding increase in the incidence of chronic atrophy. In addition, genetic factors play a role in the onset of chronic atrophy of stomachitis in some families, where genetic susceptibility may exist.
(ii) Incidence mechanisms
As a result of the above-mentioned causes, the stomach mucous membrane is the first to suffer from inflammation, inflammation of inflammation cells and the release of inflammation media, such as white-cellin-1 and cancer cause of death-alpha, among others. These inflammatory media induce the disappearance of epipelagic cells in the gastric mucous membrane, inhibit cell growth and stimulate the growth of fibre cells, leading to a gradual reduction and contraction of the gland body of the gastric mucous membrane. On the basis of atrophy, intestinal cortex life can occur in the upper cortex, i.e. the upper cortex of the stomach mucular is replaced by the upper cortex of the intestinal cortex, which is an adaptive reaction of the organism, but the upper cortex of the intestinal cortex has some heterogeneity, which further develops and is considered to be pre-cancer changes of stomach cancer, with cell formations and tissues moving in the direction of stomach cancer.
III. Clinical performance
(i) Symptoms of indigestion
Most chronic atrophysic stomach disease sufferers with no visible early symptoms or only slight indigestion, such as saturation, gas, appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc. These symptoms are not specific and can be misdiagnosed as functional indigestion or other stomach diseases. As the condition increases, the symptoms of indigestion may become more visible and longer, with effects on the dietary intake and nutritional status of the patient.
(ii) Symptoms of anaemia
The atrophy of the gastric mucous membranes, the reduction of the gastric acidity and the lack of internal factors can lead to vitamin B12 absorption disorders, which can lead to cytocell anaemia. Patients can experience symptoms such as paleness, dizziness, lack of strength, panic and, in the case of serious cases, nervous system symptoms such as numbness of hands and feet, anomalous feeling and unstable walking. In addition, chronic haemorrhage (e.g., screemorrhage from gastric mucous membranes) can also lead to iron deficiency anaemia, which is associated with low-chromosomal anaemia in small cells.
(iii) Waste and weight loss
Long-term indigestion and nutritional ingestion can lead to gradual wasting and weight loss. If the body weight of the patient is significantly reduced in the short term, care should be taken as to whether there is a risk of malignant pathologies such as stomach cancer, which requires further examination and clarification.
(iv) Other symptoms
Some patients may experience abdominal pain or swelling, which is generally irregular and can be exacerbated or mitigated after eating. A small number of patients may also be associated with intestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea or constipation, which may be related to the effect of a gastromus disease on the overall digestive and absorption function of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis
(i) Stomach mirror examination
Stomach lenses are an important means of diagnosing chronic atrophy. Changes in the colour, morphology, texture, etc. of the gastric mucous membranes can be observed directly through the stomach lens. In the case of chronic atrophy of gastroenteritis, the stomach mucous membranes are thinner, wrinkles are flatted or disappearing, and the submersible veins are visible, sometimes with rough mucous, granular or nostrilal changes, as well as with accompaniment, haemorrhage, etc. At the same time, a gastroscopy can also be used for pathological examinations of stomach mucous tissues to determine the presence of intestinal filaments, heterogenesis and to determine the extent and extent of the disease, which is critical for assessing the condition and predicting the risk of cancer.
(ii) Pathological examination
Pathological examinations are the gold criterion for the diagnosis of chronic atrophy of stomachitis and for the determination of its degree of disease. Observe gastric mucous membrane tissues under microscopes, see inherent gland atrophy and a decrease in the number, with adrenaline cells having intestinal cortexation, as evidenced by the appearance of icular cell characteristics, such as cup cells, Pane cells, and, to varying degrees, heterogeneity, which can be divided into mild, moderate and heavy heterogeneity, depending on the size of the cell heteotype and the degree of disruption in the organizational structure. The results of pathological examinations are essential to guide the development of treatment and follow-up programmes.
(iii) Sphinx snail detection
The detection of the presence of cholesterococcal infection is important guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic atrophy of gastroitis. Common test methods include urea respiration (13C or 14C), rapid urea enzyme (in the case of stomach mirrors), seroscopy (in the case of Hp antibodies). Among them, the urea whirlwind and rapid urea enzyme tests reflect the current presence of cholesterococcal infections, while serobiology tests are used mainly for epidemiological investigations or for understanding whether the patient has previously been infected with cholesterococcus.
(iv) Other inspections
1. Serum gastrointestinal determination: chronic atrophy of the stomach mucous membrane causes a reduction of the stomach acid to increase the serocidrin level with feedback. The determination of serotrogen levels helps to assist in the diagnosis of chronic atrophy of gastroenteritis and to understand the functional status of the gastric mucous membranes.
2. Diagnosis of stomach fluids: Indicators that detect the acidity of stomach fluids, the original content of stomach protein enzymes, etc., to assess the genus function of the stomach. In chronic atrophy, gastric acidity tends to decrease, with a decrease in the primary gestationary protein enzyme. However, there are relatively few clinical applications at present due to the relatively complex and limited diagnostic value of stomach fluid analysis.
Treatment
(i) Treatment
1. The eradication of fungus fungi: For those who are positive for the fungus, the eradication of fungus is the primary treatment. The current common eradication programme consists of four combinations of proton pump inhibitors (e.g., Omera, Lansola, Rebella, etc.) or americium (e.g., potassium acetate) and two combinations of antibiotics (e.g., Amosilin, Craccoline, Metrazine, Furanol, etc.) for a period of 10 – 14 days. The eradication of the fungus fungus can be effective in reducing stomach mucous disease, slowing progress in the atrophy of the mucous membrane and intestine filamentation, and in some cases it may even be reversed.
2. Treatment of retrenchment of cholesterol: For patients with retrenchment of cholesterol, gastrointestinal motors, such as Dopanite, Moshapoli, etc., can be used to promote gastric emptiness and to reduce the length of time the cholesterol stays in the stomach. At the same time, gastric mucous membrane protections, such as magnesium aluminium carbonate, can be combined to mitigate the damage to the gastric mucous membranes from the gallic juice.
3. Improvement of self-immunization: Chronic atrophy of stomachitis due to self-immunization, such as those associated with malignant anaemia, requires life-long substitution treatment with vitamin B12 to correct anaemia and improve the nutritional status of stomach mucous membranes.
(ii) Treatment
1. Treatment of indigestion symptoms: Depending on the patient ‘ s specific symptoms, a selection of medications for digestion, such as stomach digestive tablets, co-indigestion enzymes, etc., can be used to help improve the symptoms of saturation and appetite after eating. Patients with symptoms such as gas, nausea, vomiting, etc., can be given gastrointestinal motors, such as Dopanone and Moshapuri, mentioned above, to promote gastrointestinal creeping and to mitigate symptoms.
2. Treatment of anaemia: Iron supplements, such as iron sulphate, iron amberate, etc., should be provided for iron deficiency anaemia, together with vitamin C to promote iron absorption. For cases of mega-cell anaemia, vitamin B12 is mainly replenished, with the use of preparations such as muscle injections or oral administration of mercanamine, with appropriate folic acid supplementation.
(iii) Regular follow-up visits
Patients of chronic atrophy, especially those associated with intestinal pelvic or heterogenic growth, are required to carry out regular gastroscope reviews and pathological examinations in order to detect changes in the condition in time for early detection of carcinogenic tendencies and appropriate treatment. In general, it is recommended to review the gastroscope every 6 – 12 months for patients with mild hemogenics; for patients with moderate hemogenics every 3 – 6 months; and for patients with severe hemogenics, close post-operative follow-up, taking into account treatments such as surgical treatment or visceral mucous amputations under the endoscopy, if proven by pathology and the patient ‘ s state of health permits.
Prevention
(i) Dietary adjustments
(b) To develop a good diet, which is a regular and time-quantified diet, in order to avoid diarrhea. Reduced intake of high-salt, pickled, smoked, fried food, increased intake of fresh vegetable fruits and fruits, and of whole grain food, ensuring a balanced diet. Avoid excessive consumption of irritating drinks such as wine, tea and coffee, and stop smoking as much as possible.
(ii) Improved lifestyles
Maintain regular time off, avoid overwork and stress, learn to regulate emotions and reduce psychological stress. Appropriate physical exercise is carried out to improve physical health and improve the immune capacity of the body.
(iii) Prevention of cholesterol infection
Attention to dietary hygiene, promotion of splitting, avoidance of sharing of utensils, water cups, etc., and prevention of the spread of cholesterol. For groups with family history of cholesterococcal infection, regular cholesterococcal testing is available for early detection and timely treatment.
Conclusion
Chronic atrophy of stomachitis is a chronic disease of the stomach caused by multiple causes, with complex mechanisms, diverse clinical performance and a combination of factors for diagnosis and treatment. The incidence of chronic atrophy can be reduced by increasing awareness of chronic atrophy of gastroenteritis and by actively taking effective preventive measures, such as improving diet and lifestyle, and preventing cholesterosomiasis infection. The early diagnosis, treatment of illnesses, and regular follow-up of patients who have suffered from the disease can effectively control the development of the condition, improve the quality of life, reduce the risk of cancer, and guarantee the stomach health of the patient and the overall quality of life.
Chronic atrophy of stomachitis
