Classification and predisposing factors of
breast cancer Understanding the classification and predisposing factors of breast cancer is helpful to improve the effect of early diagnosis and personalized treatment.
1. Classification of breast cancer Breast cancer can be classified according to different biological characteristics and molecular markers. The following are several common classification methods: 1. Classification according to histological type: (1) Invasive ductal carcinoma: Abnormal cells appear in the inner layer of breast ducts and are very easy to metastasize. (2) Invasive lobular carcinoma: Abnormal cells appear in the lobules of the breast, and abnormal cells tend to spread in multiple sites. (3) Ductal carcinoma in situ: Abnormal cells are confined to the duct without outward invasion, which belongs to non-invasive cancer, and the therapeutic effect after intervention is better. (Carcinoma in situ of 4) lobule: This kind of abnormal cell appears commonly inside mammary gland lobule, basic develop infiltrative cancer rarely. 2. Classification by hormone receptor status: (1) Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: abnormal cell surface expression of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR), this type of cancer is sensitive to endocrine therapy. (2) Hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: Abnormal cells do not express ER or PR on the surface and are not sensitive to endocrine therapy. 3. Classification according to HER2 status: (1) HER2 positive: abnormal cells overexpress HER2 and are sensitive to HER2 targeted therapy. (2) HER2 negative: Abnormal cells do not overexpress HER2 and are not sensitive to HER2 targeted therapy. 4. According to the classification of gene mutations, individuals with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer, which is generally manifested as triple-negative breast cancer.
2. Susceptibility factors of breast cancer The following are some common susceptibility factors: 1. Age: Women over 50 years old have a higher risk of breast cancer. 2.
2. Gender bias: The number of female patients is much higher than that of male patients. 3. Menarche early, menopause late: Menarche age 50-55 years, or menstruation > 42 years 4. Family history: Family history of benign breast cancer, mother or sister with breast cancer, especially if there are multiple immediate relatives with breast cancer at a younger age, should consider genetic testing, these people have a high risk of breast cancer. 5. Genetic factors: carrying BRCA BRCA1, BRCA
2. Individuals with gene mutations such as PALB2 have a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than those who do not. 6. Those with a history of breast or breast radiotherapy, high-dose breast X-ray exposure, frequent oral estrogen and progesterone, and alcoholism. 7. Lifestyle factors: (1) Obesity: overweight or obesity, especially after menopause. (2) Excessive drinking: Long-term drinking can increase the risk of breast cancer. (3) Long-term smoking: Smoking is associated with many cancers, including breast cancer, which greatly increases the risk of breast cancer. (4) Lack of exercise: Lack of physical exercise increases the risk of breast cancer, and appropriate exercise can reduce the risk of breast cancer. In short, understanding the classification and predisposing factors of breast cancer is helpful for effective preventive measure and early diagnosis.
