Antibacterial drugs are important drugs for clinical use in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. With the development of medicine, the variety and range of antibacterial drugs has expanded. Details will be provided in this paper on the classification of antibacterial drugs, their mechanisms of operation, common medicines and their clinical application.
Classification of antibacterial drugs
On the basis of the mechanisms and chemical structure of antibacterial drugs, common antibacterial drugs can be classified as follows:
1. Beta-neamide antibiotics
They include penicillin, headgillin, carbon cyanide and single-ring β-neamide. Such drugs are microbicides by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.
Penicillin: e.g. penicillin G, Amosilin, mainly for streptococcus infections, syphilis, etc.
Head bacterium: e.g., head spines, head fursin, widely used for respiratory infections, urinary infections, etc.
Carbon methacne, such as amphetamine and meropenan, is commonly used for the treatment of multiple resistance infections.
2. Large ringed ester antibiotics
Microbacterial resistance is achieved by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins, mainly for the Grelan positive fungus and part of the Grelan cactus.
Common drugs: erythracin, Kracinin, Achicin.
Clinical applications: use for respiratory infections, skin soft tissue infections, etc.
3. Amino-cluceous antibiotics
Microbicides are performed by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial proteins, mainly for the grenanic fungi.
Common drugs: Quintaacin, Amica, Tobcin.
Clinical application: for treatment of severe grenacosis infections, such as sepsis, abdominal infections, etc.
4. Tetracyclic antibiotics
Microbacterial inhibition by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins, with broad spectrum resistance.
Common drugs: Tetracycline, Dossicycline, Minocycline.
Clinical applications: for the treatment of lektic infections, secondary infections, chlamydia infections, etc.
5. Antibiotics of quinone
Microbicide is performed by inhibiting the reproduction and transfer of bacterial DNA, divided into generations of drugs.
First generation: e.g., lyric acid, narrower antibacterial spectrum.
Second generation: e.g. ring prosa, mainly for urology, intestinal infections.
Third generation: e.g. left oxidoxen salsa, with a broader antibacterial spectrum, applicable to respiratory infections, urinary infections, etc.
The fourth generation: Mosisa, for example, has a stronger effect on anaerobics and gland positives.
6. Sulfamic drugs
Microbacterization by inhibiting bacterial folic acid metabolism.
Common drug: sulfadoxine (jointly used with sulfadoxine to form a combination formulation).
Clinical applications: for treatment of urinary and respiratory infections, etc.
7. Bacillus antibiotics
Microbicide is carried out by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cytowalls, mainly for the Geran positive.
Common drugs: Vancomycin, Kolanin.
Clinical application: For the treatment of Methoxysilin-resistant gluccus (MRSA) infection.
8. Other antibacterial drugs
lactamine: e.g. clinicillin, mainly for anaerobic infections.
Nitromazole: e.g. Metrazine, mainly used in anaerobics and insect infections.
Pyramid type: for example, polymix B, which is mainly used in multi-drug-resistant Quelan cactus infections.
II. Mechanisms for the functioning of anti-bacterial drugs
Antibacterial drugs work through the following main mechanisms:
1. Inhibiting bacterial cytowall synthesis: e.g., β-neamide, smelt.
2. Interference with bacterial protein synthesis: e.g., large melons, carbabin sugar, tetracycline.
3. Inhibiting the synthesis of bacteriological nucleic acids: e.g., quinone, leopard.
4. Interference with bacteriological metabolic pathways, such as sulfamides.
Clinical application of antibacterial drugs
The choice of antibacterial drugs should be considered in the light of the area of infection, the type of pathogens, the results of drug-sensitive tests and the specific circumstances of the patient (e.g. age, liver and kidney function, allergy history, etc.). The following are the antibacterial options for several common infections:
1. Respiratory infections
Lightly infected: Amosilin, Furan, Achicin.
Heavy infections: head croquetone, left oxidoxen salsa.
2. Utility infections
Pure urinary tract infections: sulfamide sulfadoxine/moxyazole, cyclopropsalt.
Complex urinary tract infections: hyphenes, ammonium benan.
Skin soft tissue infections
Lightly infected: penicillin, clinicillin.
Severely infected: Vancomycin, prokolanin.
4. Cervical infections
Drugs commonly used: Metrazine conglomerate or quinone.
Sepsis
Drugs commonly used: Co-therapeutics of carbon methacne, vancomicin.
Reasonable use of antibacterial drugs
The abuse of antibacterial drugs can lead to increased bacterial resistance and affect treatment effectiveness. Therefore, rational use of antibacterial drugs is essential. The following recommendations are made:
1. Identifying the causes of infection: To the extent possible, the pathogen infection is identified through pathogen tests.
2. Choice of appropriate drugs: Select sensitive drugs based on the results of sensitive tests.
3. Control of the dosage of drugs and the process of treatment: avoiding overdose or inadequate treatment.
4. Avoiding the misuse of broad-spectral antibiotics: To the extent possible, narrow-spectral antibiotics are selected to reduce the production of resistant bacteria.
5. Strengthening surveillance: liver and kidney function monitoring for patients with long-term antibacterial use.
V. Future development of antibacterial drugs
With increased bacterial resistance, the development of new antibacterial drugs has become the focus of medical research. In recent years, drugs targeting multiple resistance strains (e.g. new β-neamide inhibitors, anti-biofilm drugs) have been introduced. In addition, anti-bacterial strategies based on genetic editing techniques and immunotherapy are being developed.
Concluding remarks
Antibacterial drugs are an important part of modern medicine and their rational use is important for the control of infectious diseases. However, as bacteria become more resistant, the use of antibacterial drugs faces enormous challenges. Medical personnel and patients should work together to use antibacterial drugs scientifically and rationally to extend their effectiveness and protect public health.
