Classification of antibiotics and description of antibacterial mechanisms
First, the diversity and complexity of antibiotic disaggregated antibiotics as important drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases allows us to classify them in such a way as to better understand their characteristics and applications. Based on different classification criteria, antibiotics can be grouped into the following categories.
1. Classification by source can be divided into natural products and synthetic antibiotics based on the sources of antibiotics. Natural products refer to antibiotics, such as penicillin, chococin, etc., extracted from microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi) or obtained through fermentation processes. Synthetic antibiotics, on the other hand, are drugs that are produced by synthetic or semi-synthetic methods.
Classification by chemical structure by chemical structure is a common and targeted classification of antibiotics into several broad categories. For example, β-neamide antibiotics include penicillin, capisculin, etc.; thorcin, a representative of the four ring groups; and erythrin, a drug, etc.
3. The classification by operational mechanism can be divided into different types depending on the mechanism of antibiotic effects on bacteria. Most commonly, microbicide is achieved by calibration on the target (e.g., the effect of penicillin on the Geranex-positive bacteria) or by damage to the target (e.g., inhibition of DNA synthetic enzymes by antibiotics such as quinone). In addition, there are antibiotics that are antibacterial by destroying the structure of the fungi (e.g., polypylene antibiotics that destroy the membrane integrity). II. Description of antibacterial mechanisms
Antibiotic antibacterial mechanisms are one of the key factors in their efficacy. A brief description of several common antibiotics and their role in bacteria is given below.
1. Beta-neamide antibiotic β-neamide is widely used in clinical practice and can be subdivided into subcategories based on different aromatics. This type of antibiotics interacts with targets of specific structures in the Geran positive and negative bacteria, thus disrupting the synthesis of bacterial walls and preventing them from normal construction and stabilization of their cell walls.
2. Large cyclic ester antibiotics with a wide spectrum of fungicide activity can affect the positive and negative germs of Gelanc. Such antibiotics can be combined with the structure of the bacteria ‘ nuclei, thus disrupting the process of protein synthesis and thus inhibiting bacteria ‘ reproduction and proliferation.
3. Antibiotics of aluminum are powerful microbicides, with representative drugs including penicillin, sepsis, etc. These antibiotics function at specific locations in the bacteria and disrupt or hinder critical biosynthesis pathways in bacteria by inhibiting the activity of the target enzyme.
4. The quinone antibiotic quinone is a broad spectrum of antibiotics, mainly used in DNA synthetic enzymes, which are combined during the reproduction process to prevent the extension of the DNA chain and lead to bacterial deaths. In addition, quinone can affect the formation of DNA superhelix structures.
5. Pyramid antibiotics are mainly produced by interaction with specific components of the bacterial membrane, causing membrane damage and the formation of holes; there are also parts of the pyramid that can enter the cell to interact with intracellular compositions and interfere with important vitamin and nucleic acid synthesis processes.
Based on the above, antibiotics have a variety of classification methods and antibacterial mechanisms. In clinical applications, we need to select appropriate antibiotics for treatment based on the type of pathogens infected, the characteristics of the drug and the condition of the patient in order to maximize their efficacy. In addition, it is important to properly use antibiotics, follow medical instructions and note the possible side effects of different types of antibiotics.
