Clinical characteristics and morbidity patterns of diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar, with complex clinical characteristics and patterns of morbidity. Diabetes is mainly classified as type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pregnancy diabetes and special types of diabetes. Typical symptoms of diabetes include “one by three”, i.e., excessive urine, drinking, eating and weight loss. These symptoms usually occur when blood sugar levels rise significantly, but some patients may have symptoms that are not obvious and are called “silent killers”. In addition, diabetes patients may experience signs of fatigue, weakness, blurred vision, frequent shallow infections and poor wound healing. Symptoms of diabetes include microvascular and megavascular diseases such as retinal, kidney, neurosis and cardiovascular diseases. These complications seriously affect the quality of life and longevity of patients. Acute complications, such as ketoneic acid poisoning and high-permeability comas with non-ketoney disorders, may also occur, especially in cases of poor blood sugar control. The mechanisms for the incidence of diabetes involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes usually results in the destruction of β-cells in insulin from its own immune response, resulting in absolute insulin insufficiency, while type 2 diabetes is mostly associated with genetic background, insulin resistance due to bad lifestyle and relative insulin insulin. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of DMs, especially DM2, whose genetic orientation is more pronounced than DM1. The incidence of diabetes increases with age, with high prevalence among the middle and older population groups and higher risk of disease among overweight people. The prevalence of diabetes is characterized by an annual increase in prevalence, low age and awareness, and low treatment rates. Diabetes is often accompanied by other chronic diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipticemia and obesity. Treatment and management Diabetes treatment includes lifestyle interventions, medication and insulin treatment. For obese and high-risk populations, dietary and sports interventions can prevent or delay the occurrence of diabetes. Insulin treatment is the primary treatment for diagnosed diabetes patients to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Diabetes management requires the development of individualized treatments that take into account the specific circumstances of the patient in order to achieve optimal treatment. Early diagnosis avoids the risk of complications and can be effective in preventing and slowing the development process through a combination of positive and effective measures. Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease whose clinical characteristics and morbidity patterns require a combination of factors, including genetic, environmental, lifestyle, etc., to better manage and treat diabetes patients.