Clinical measures for secondary prevention of brain infarction

Brain infarction is particularly important as one of the major causes of disability and death around the globe, and secondary prevention, i.e., prevention of relapse of patients with a history of brain infarction. Clinical measures for the second level of prevention of brain infarction, including lifestyle adjustments, disease management, drug intervention, vascular health management and psychological support, are described in detail, with the aim of reducing the risk of recurrence and improving the quality of life of patients through a number of measures.I. What is brain infarction?Brain infarction, also referred to as ischaemic sepsis or brain embolism, is the death of brain cells caused by partial ischaemic and anaerobic brain tissues as a result of cerebrovascular blockage. Typically, the congestion is caused by a blood clot, which may come from the distillation of porridge samples from the carotid artery or the inside of the brain, or from a blood clot formed for other reasons to the brain vein. The occurrence of brain infarction can rapidly lead to neurological impairments of patients, with diverse symptoms, including, but not limited to, sudden facial or physical incapacitation, lack of clarity of speech, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, balance disorder, etc. When the condition is severe, it can lead to permanent disability or even death.II. Why is brain infarction prone to relapse?The risk of recurrence of brain infarction is rooted in a combination of interrelated factors. Among these, chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and high blood resin, are not properly controlled, resulting in continued damage to the blood vessels and the underlying conditions for the formation of the haemobolites. Combined with adverse lifestyles, such as smoking, alcohol, unhealthy diets and lack of exercise, further accelerate the aging of blood vessels and increase the risk of relapse. In addition, the steady progress in the sclerosis of the artery, the continued formation of plasters and poor drug dependence have reduced the protection effect.III. Clinical measures for secondary prevention of brain infarction1. Lifestyle adjustments(1) A balanced diet: the promotion of Mediterranean diets, with more food for whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish and olive oil, and limited saturated fat and sugar intake.(2) Regular exercise: Medium intensity activities of at least 150 minutes per week are recommended, such as fast walking, swimming, combined force training and strengthening of CPR.(3) Prohibition of smoking: total cessation of smoking, male alcohol intake of no more than two cups/days and female consumption of one or two cups/days.(4) Stress management: Exercise relaxing techniques such as meditation, yoga, good sleep and avoid overwork.Control of risk factors(1) High blood pressure: If the patient does not react adversely, it is recommended to compress to 130 mm/Hg and to constrict to 80 mm/Hg in order to achieve optimal cardiovascular protection; and for patients with a narrow dose of 70 to 99 per cent of the intracircle artery, the target constriction can be relaxed to 140 mm/Hg and 90 mm/Hg, taking into account therapeutic efficacy and safety.(2) High Cholesterol haemorrhage: It is recommended that the low-density lipid cholesterol level for brain infarction patients be reduced to below 1.8 mmol/L, or 50% lower than the baseline, in order to reduce the incidence of cardiac and cerebrovascular events among pawns; after 4-12 weeks after the initiation of the use of histinic drugs, treatment programmes and lifestyles are adjusted in a timely manner to ensure maximum and safe control of the effects of the drug, based on the assessment of the abdominal hemorrhage indicators and safety parameters.(iii) Diabetes: The control target for melancholic infarction is set at less than 7 per cent for persons with combined diabetes, to reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications and re-emergence. Specific values for blood sugar control need to be individualized, with flexibility in the selection of all types of sugar medicine, depending on the patient ‘ s condition, to ensure that treatment is both standard and safe.3. Drug intervention(1) Aspirin: For persons with brain infarction, when the use of an aspirin intestine soluble is recommended, the whole body shall be supplied with water and taken at least 30 minutes before the meal. Remember not to be crushed, divided or chewed in order to ensure that drugs are released in the alkaline environment of the intestines, to effectively avoid direct irritation and possible damage to the gastric mucous membranes, and to ensure that the effects of treatment are accompanied by the maintenance of gastrointestinal health.(2) Atophartam, Rishavedamtam: Cholesterol synthesis at night can be used with maximum inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and optimal lipid regulation if it is recommended to be taken half an hour before bed every day.4. Vector health management(1) Cervical artery assessment: Periodic cervical artery ultraacoustic examinations are conducted to assess the stability of the clots and, if necessary, intervention in treatment.(ii) Heart health: For persons with room tremors, anticondensation treatment is used to monitor the International Standardized Ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0.5. Rehabilitation and psychological support(1) Rehabilitation training: Customized rehabilitation programmes, including physiotherapy, speech therapy and social skills training.(2) Psychological assistance: psychological support to reduce anxiety, depression and encourage positive mentalities.SummaryIn general, the second stage of prevention of brain infarction is a systematic project requiring a concerted effort by both medical and medical patients to build a comprehensive safety net through a combination of lifestyle adjustments, disease management, drug interventions, vascular health maintenance and psychological support. By following the principle of individualization and emphasizing continuity and initiative, the risk of recurrence can be effectively reduced.