Coughing is a common clinical symptom and a protective mechanism for humans to remove within-respiratory aliens, secretions or irritants by reflective action. Coughing is not a disease in itself, but one of many. Cough can be classified as acute, subacute and chronic, depending on the cause, duration and associated symptoms. This paper will provide detailed information on the type of common cough symptoms and their treatment to help the public to better understand and respond to this common health problem.
I. Types of common symptoms of coughing
Coughing takes many forms and is usually classified according to duration, nature and associated symptoms.
(i) Classification by duration
1. Acute cough
Duration: less than 3 weeks.
Common causes: upper respiratory infections (e.g. common flu, influenza), acute bronchitis, pneumonia, allergy, etc.
Characteristics: In case of acute illness, usually accompanied by symptoms of heat, osteoporosis, nose plugs or slugs.
2. Subacute cough
Duration: 3-8 weeks.
Common causes of illness: post-infection cough (e.g., respiratory syndrome after infection), bronchial asthma, gastrophagus, etc.
Characteristics: Coughs are gradually reduced but may last longer, especially after night or after exercise.
Chronic cough
Duration: Over 8 weeks.
Common causes of diseases: chronic bronchitis, bronchial expansion, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, gastro-eating diseases, etc.
Characteristics: Cough is long-lasting and may be accompanied by symptoms of sapling, short gas or other chronic diseases.
(ii) Classification by nature of cough
1. Dipping cough
Characteristics: No or very little sting, often accompanied by an itching or burning of the throat.
Common causes of disease: viral infections, allergies coughing, early pneumonia, gastrophagus refluence, etc.
Wet cough
Characteristics: Accompanies the discharge of sapling, which may be white, yellow or green, and a serious person may carry blood.
Common causes: bacterial infections (e.g. pneumonia, bronchitis), bronchial expansion, tuberculosis, etc.
(iii) Classification by associated symptoms
1. Breathing cough
It is common in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or allergy cough.
2. Cough with heat
Most are found in infectious diseases such as influenza, pneumonia or bronchitis.
Coughs with chest pain
Serious diseases such as pleura, pulmonary embolism or lung cancer may be indicated.
4. Increased cough at night
It is common for asthma, gastrophatosis or heart cough.
II. Common causes of cough
The causes of cough are complex and varied, and fall into two main categories: infectious and non-infective.
(i) Infectious STDs
1. Upper respiratory infections
These include common flu, influenza, acute sinusitis, etc., and are usually associated with such symptoms as osteoporosis, nasal plugs and aldicarb.
2. Lower respiratory infections
These include acute bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc., often associated with fever, cough or chest pain.
(ii) Non-infective causes
1. Allergies
In the case of allergies, allergies, coughs or asthma, itches, sneezes or asthma are common.
2. Diarrhoea in the stomach
The gastric acid reflux irritates the larynx, causing reflective cough, which is often exacerbated at night or after eating.
3. Drug-related
Some of the drugs (e.g. an ACEI accelerator for vascular stressors) may cause dry cough.
4. Other diseases
Such as bronchial trachea expansion, lung cancer, mesothelial pulmonary disease, heart cough, etc.
III. Cough treatment
Cough treatment should develop individualized programmes based on the cause of the disease, the type of symptoms and the specific circumstances of the patient. The following are common treatment methods:
(i) Patient treatment
Infectious cough
Virus infections: Most of these are self-restricted diseases, without the need for antibiotics, and can alleviate symptoms by treating them.
Bacteria infections: If diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia or bronchitis, antibiotics can be used (e.g., Amocilin, head sprouts).
Tuberculosis infections: Once tuberculosis has been diagnosed, anti-tuberculosis drugs (e.g. amphibian, Lifoping) should be used for standard treatment.
2. Allergy cough
Allergies are mitigated by the use of anti-hotamine drugs (e.g., chlorrepents) or inhaled sugar cortex hormones (e.g., Boudinaid).
3. Diarrhea-related coughing
The use of proton pump inhibitors (e.g. Omerazole) reduces gastric acidity, while avoiding the feeding of irritant foods.
4. Drug-related cough
Discontinuation of suspicious drugs and replacement, if necessary, with alternative drugs.
(ii) Treatment
1. Cough control
Central cough medicine: e.g. right methadone, codeine, applied to patients with severe effects on their lives.
Perinatal cough medicine: e.g., phenylprophorin, which is more mild and suitable for mild cough.
Drugs
Dissolved slurry: e.g. ammonium bromine, acetyl centicaraine, diluting slurry, promoting discharge.
Promotion of desorption: if the glyceride is increased, it applies to patients with wet cough.
3. Inhalation treatment
Inhalation by aerosols (e.g., Budined, salbutamol) can mitigate aromatic inflammation and convulsions and is applied to patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
(iii) Assistive treatment
1. Keep the air wet
The use of humidifiers or vapour inhalation to mitigate the drying and irritation of air lanes.
2. Drinking water
Increased liquid ingestion helps to dilute the aqueous fluids and promotes discharge.
3. Avoiding stimuli
Avoiding smoking, second-hand smoke and other irritating gases and reducing further damage to the airways.
IV. Cough prevention
Prevention of infection
Vaccination: flu, pneumonia, etc. to reduce the risk of infection.
Attention to personal hygiene: handwashing, avoiding exposure.
2. Improving the living environment
Keep indoor air fresh and avoid over-drying or damp.
Avoid allergies such as pollen, dust mites etc.
3. Increased immunity
A balanced diet, adequate exercise, adequate sleep and increased physical resistance.
4. Prohibition of smoking and alcohol
Smoking is an important incentive for chronic coughing, and cessation can significantly improve symptoms.
Concluding remarks
Cough is a common expression of a wide range of diseases with complex and diverse causes, and treatment requires individualized management of specific causes and symptoms. The public should raise awareness of cough, especially cough with long-term or other severe symptoms, and should be treated in a timely manner, clearly diagnosed and treated in a regular manner. At the same time, good living habits and preventive measures can effectively reduce the incidence of cough and maintain respiratory health.
