Comprehensive guidelines for the prevention of infection among persons with pneumonia
Comprehensive Guide to Prevention of Infection for Pneumonia Patients
Pneumonia is a daily common respiratory disease that has serious health consequences. The following are relevant to the prevention of infection in cases of pneumonia.
Prevention programmes (i) Personal hygiene – hand-washing: Pneumonia patients should develop a habit of frequent hand-washing, especially after coughing, sneezing, before eating, and after contact with public goods. The hand-washing is carried out with liquid water and soap, with the careful arm-lifting of all parts of the hand, including the heart, the back, the stitches of the finger, the nails, etc., for a period of not less than 15 seconds, so as to effectively remove the bacteria contaminated with the hand. – Keep your mouth clean: mouth is a breeding ground for bacteria. Patients can use their physico-saline or mouth-washing mouths many times a day, keeping their mouth wet and clean, and reducing the reproduction of oral internal bacteria.
(ii) In the residential environment – Ventilation: The quality of the indoor environment is essential for pneumonia patients. The windows should be ventilated on a regular basis every day, allowing fresh air to enter the room and excrete polluted air. At least 30 minutes per venting time, the number of ventings is generally 2 – 3 per day, depending on the quality of the air inside and out and weather conditions. When ventilated, the patient can properly increase his/her clothes to avoid cold. – Cleaning and disinfecting: Regular cleaning of living conditions, including furniture, floors, curtains, etc. Chlorinated disinfectants can be used to wipe furniture and floor surfaces, with a focus on sterilizing items that are frequently exposed, such as door handles, remote controls, etc. At the same time, it is important to keep indoor dry and to avoid bacteria and fungus in wet environments.
(iii) Avoiding cross-infection – Reduced exposure to populations: Pneumonia patients should, as far as possible, avoid being exposed to densely populated sites such as malls, supermarkets, cinemas, etc. If necessary, masks should be worn to reduce contact with others. When visiting patients, family and friends should also take care to protect themselves, such as wearing masks and washing hands. – Segregation: If the patient is in a medical institution such as a hospital, every effort should be made to keep a single room and avoid contact with other patients. Before and after contact with the patient, medical personnel should strictly wash their hands, disinfect them and use one-off medical devices to prevent cross-infection.
II. Treatment programmes
(i) Drug treatment – Anti-infection drugs: The choice of appropriate anti-infection drugs is based on the type of pneumonia (e.g. bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, paragen pneumonia, etc.). For bacterial pneumonia, commonly used antibiotics are penicillin, sepsis, large cycline esters, etc.; viral pneumonia requires the use of antiviral drugs such as Libaverin, Azurovee, etc. (but some viral pneumonia is currently without specific drugs, which depend mainly on treatment and self-immuno-rehabilitation); paragenal pneumonia is usually treated with macrocyclic esters, such as Archicin. Coughing and coughing are common symptoms of pneumonia. Coughing symptoms can be mitigated by coughing, such as right-meal saffins, and diluting sapules, such as ammonium bromine, may be used to facilitate the discharge of sepsis. – Antithermal analgesics: If the patient is accompanied by hemorrhagic, headacheal, etc., the acetaminophenol, brophine and other antithermal analgesics can be treated to reduce body temperature and relieve pain.
(ii) Oxygen therapy – Oxygen therapy is available for pneumonia patients suffering from respiratory difficulties and low oxygen haemorrhage. Oxygen treatments include nose catheters for oxygen, mask for oxygen, etc. The oxygen flow is adjusted to the patient ‘ s oxygen deficiency to increase the patient ‘ s blood oxygen saturation and to alleviate respiratory distress.
(iii) Other treatment – Mist inhalation treatment: The conversion of a drug into a tiny mist droplet through a mist device, the inhaling of a patient ‘ s respiratory tract, the wetting of the gas channel, the mitigation of bronchial convulsions and the promotion of the discharge of sap. Common aerosols include bronchial extension, sugary cortex hormones, platinum, etc. Nutritional support: Pneumonia patients are weak and need adequate nutritional support. The diet should be rich in nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals, such as skinny meat, fish, eggs, fresh vegetables and fruit. Nutrition can be provided through snout or intravenous nutrition for patients who cannot eat normally.
III. NOTES
(i) Care during treatment – Strict compliance with medical prescriptions: The patient shall take the medication on time and at his/her rate, as prescribed by the doctor, and shall not reduce the amount of the drug or stop the drug to the point where it affects the effectiveness of the treatment or causes a recurrence of the disease. – Observe changes in the condition: the patient and his/her family should closely observe whether the condition is aggravated or reduced, such as temperature, breathing, cough, cough, etc., and whether new symptoms, such as chest pain, increased respiratory difficulties, and haemorrhage, etc. In the event of an anomaly, the doctor should be informed in a timely manner. – Periodic review: In the course of the treatment, the patient shall, at the request of the doctor, regularly visit the hospital for review, such as blood protocol, chest X-line or CT, so that the doctor can be kept informed of the recovery and adjust the treatment programme.
(ii) Care in daily life – Rest and exercise: Pneumonia patients should be guaranteed adequate rest during the period of their illness and should avoid overwork. As the condition recovers, a number of modest movements, such as walking, Tai Chi Fist, etc., can be properly carried out to improve the body, but to avoid intense movement. – Dietary regulation: diets should be light and digestive, avoiding the consumption of spicy, greasy and irritating foods, thus increasing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. At the same time, care must be taken to ensure a balanced diet and adequate nutritional intake. – Emotional regulation: Pneumonia can cause anxiety, stress, etc. due to illness and the stress of treatment. Patients should be optimistic and supportive of treatment, and family and friends should be concerned and supportive to help them relieve psychological stress.
In general, the prevention of infection among persons with pneumonia requires a combination of personal hygiene, living environment, prevention of cross-infection, and a combination of scientifically sound treatment programmes, as well as attention to relevant matters during treatment and in everyday life, in order to better promote recovery and reduce the incidence of infection.
