Acute myocarditis (Acute Fulminant Myocarditis, AFM) is a rare but very serious type of myocarditis, characterized by rapid onset and high rates of death. The following is a detailed reading of the causes, pathological mechanisms, clinical performance, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
1. Pathological and pathological mechanisms 1. Virus infection: Most common causes, including the Kosage virus group B, intestinal virus, gland virus, influenza virus, etc. Bacteria infections: such as diphtheria, Lyme disease, etc. Immunisation guide: Certain autoimmune diseases (e.g. systematic red erythalamus) may induce cardiacitis. Toxic exposure: e.g., drug allergy, alcohol abuse, drugs (e.g., cocaine). Vaccination: In very few cases, some vaccinations may trigger an immune response leading to myocarditis. 2. Pathological mechanism. Inflammation of acoustic casthetic reaction after the disease causes cardiac cell damage. Cell toxicity: The virus directly invades the cardiac cell and destroys the cell structure. Immunisation response: The host immune system is over-activated, resulting in further cardiac cell damage. Micro-circumulation barrier: Myocardial blood is insufficient, aggravating myocardial cell necrosis. Cardiac functional failure: A significant decrease in blood function of the heart-pump is due to the rapid increase in myocardial muscle damage.
1. All-body symptoms – pre-emptive symptoms of infectious diseases such as fever, inactivity and muscular acid pain. 2. Heart symptoms – cardiac failure: including respiratory difficulties, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia. – Low blood pressure and shock: due to a sharp decline in heart function, the patient may be in shock quickly. – Cardiopathic disorders: manifested in rapid cardiac disorders (e.g., hypercardial hyperactivity) or slow heart disorders (e.g., complete room transmission retardation). Other manifestations – Inadequate injections in the outer week, in the form of cold limbs and pale skin. – Multiple-organ impairments, in particular of the liver and kidney.
Diagnosis of acute outbreaks of myocarditis requires a combination of clinical performance, imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnostic process usually includes the following aspects: – Inflammation indicator: C reflects an increase in protein (CRP), white cell count. – Viral tests: serovirus antibodies, PCR detection virus RNA. Visual examination – cardiac ultrasound: a significant decrease in the LVEF; possible detection of heart cavity enlargement, CPR, etc. – Magnetic resonance of the heart (CMR): highly sensitive, showing myocardial oedema, bad death and fibrosis. E.C.G. (ECG) – Common ST segment lift, T-wave reverse, room-based prep, etc. 4. Endocardial myocardial biopsy (EMB) – gold standard, which indicates inflammation and cardiac cell necrosis.
The objective of treatment for acute outbreaks of myocarditis is to maintain the stability of vital signs, to correct heart disorders and to reduce inflammatory response. 1. Support for treatment – circulatory support, including ecstasy (ECMO) and acoustic cystal repulsion (IABP). – Respiratory support: People with severe hypoxiaemia may need mechanical ventilation. 2. Drug treatment – Antiviral treatment: for specific cases of viral infection. – Immunization regulation: sugar cortex hormones, immunoglobins (IVIG). – Powerful: e.g. DPT, Millon, for the improvement of the heart function. – Anti-cardiological disorders: e.g., amiodine. Mechanical cycle support – ECMO can provide short-term support to the heart and improve organ injection. Cardiac transplants – Cardiac transplants may be considered for terminally ill patients for which treatment is ineffective.
The prognosis of acute outbreaks of myocarditis is closely related to early diagnosis and treatment: – Delays in treatment may result in death from heart-borne shock or multi-organ failure. 2. Long-term prognosis – Some patients may have chronic heart failure or extended myocardia. – Periodic follow-up of the cardio functions, video and electrocardiograms are required.
1. Pathological studies – In-depth study of molecular mechanisms for the interaction of viruses with host populations. Biological markers – development of early diagnostic markers of high specificity. 3. New treatment – Genetic treatment, cell therapy (e.g., myocardial stem cell transplant) is being explored. Precision medicine – development of individualized treatment programmes through genomics and cosmetic genetic analysis.
The acute outbreak of myocarditis is a high-risk disease and its management requires multidisciplinary collaboration. With advances in diagnostic techniques and treatment methods, patient prognosis is gradually improving. However, there is still a need to strengthen early identification, optimize treatment strategies and promote basic research to provide more efficient treatment for patients.
Cardiacitis.
