Anaesthesia is an essential and essential part of modern medicine and provides the necessary conditions for various types of surgery and medical operations. However, there are still many misperceptions and concerns about the anaesthesia. This paper will provide you with basic knowledge of anaesthesia, including the type of anaesthesia, the mechanism of its effects and possible risks and side effects, to help you to better understand the anaesthesia. – What’s anesthesia? Anaesthesia is a medical technique that suppresses the activity of the central nervous system through the use of drugs, which have the effect of sowing pain, loss of consciousness, muscle laxity, etc. The main purpose of anaesthesia is to eliminate pain during surgery and to enable patients to be treated safely and unconsciously. II. The types of anaesthesia fall into two main categories: general anaesthesia and local anesthesia: a general anaesthesia: total unconsciousness of the patient and no response to external stimulation. The whole-body anesthesia is usually performed by intravenous injection or inhalation of anesthesia gas. 2. Local anaesthesia: only specific parts of the body are anesthetized and the patient is awake. Local anesthesia can also be divided into: surface anesthesia: anaesthesia for skin or mucous surfaces; immersion: injection of anesthesia into tissues requiring anaesthesia; neurodeficiency anaesthesia: injection of anaesthesia in the nervous surroundings to interrupt neurotransmission; intravertical anaesthesia: including anesthesia for the lumbar and epidural anesthesia, mainly for the lower part of the body. Thirdly, the mechanism of anaesthesia plays its role mainly through the transmission of substances that affect the nervous system. They can: suppress the central nervous system, render the patient unconscious, disrupt the transmission of pain signals, have an agonizing effect, inhibit the motor nerves, relax the muscles, inhibit the autonomous nervous system, and regulate the physiological functions of the heart rate, blood pressure, etc. A complete process of anaesthesia usually includes the following stages: Pre-operative assessment: the anesthesia physician conducts a comprehensive assessment of the patient, obtains an understanding of his or her medical history, state of his or her health and use of drugs, and develops a personalized anaesthesia programme. Anaesthesia induces a patient to enter a state of anaesthesia quickly through intravenous injection or inhalation of anaesthesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia: Continuous administration of drugs during the operation and maintenance of appropriate levels of anaesthesia. Awakening: After the operation, the use of narcotic drugs was stopped and the patient gradually regained consciousness. Post-operative guardianship: close observation of the patient ‘ s vital signs and management of possible complications. V. Risks and side effects of anaesthesia, although modern anaesthesia techniques are already very safe, still have certain risks and side effects: common side effects: nausea and vomiting: one of the most common side effects, especially after a full-body anaesthesia; throat pains: can lead to larynx discomfort as a result of an intubation; headaches: especially after anaesthesia of the gill or epidural; cold warfare: temporary disturbance of the post anaesthesia temperature adjustment function; musc acid pains: due to maintaining the same position for long periods of time; temporary loss of sexual memory or blurred consciousness. Less common complications: dental impairments: may occur during intubation; allergies: allergies to anaesthesia; knowledge in the art: very few patients may be partially conscious in an allemic state; malignant heat: a rare but severe genetic reaction; neural damage: local anesthesia may occur. (a) Serious complications: heart problems: such as cardiac disorders, myocardial infarction; respiratory problems such as pneumonia, respiratory failure; It should be noted that the incidence of these serious complications is very low and most can be avoided by timely detection and treatment. In order to reduce the risk of anaesthesia, both the patient and the medical team should take appropriate measures:
Medical teams conduct comprehensive pre-operative assessments, develop individualized anaesthesia programmes, use advanced monitoring equipment, strictly enforce anaesthesia practices, and provide post-operative care and prevention of complications.
Concluding remarks
Anaesthesia is an important pillar of modern medicine and provides a safe and comfortable operating environment for patients. Despite certain risks, most anaesthesia is safe through professional assessment, careful preparation and rigorous operation. At the same time, it is our hope that, as patients, with the basic knowledge of anaesthesia and with the active cooperation of doctors, we can help us better cope with the surgery, reduce anxiety and increase the success rate. It is also important to believe in the professional competence of the medical team and to be treated safely with our care.
